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The Pattern of Complementary Foods in American Infants and Children Aged 0–5 Years Old—A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data from the NHANES 2011–2014
Proper nutrition early in life can influence children’s present and future health. While several authoritative sources provide eating/food recommendations, only a few studies have assessed whether these recommendations are followed. The goal of this paper was to examine food and nutrient intakes on...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6073528/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29949890 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10070827 |
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author | Demmer, Elieke Cifelli, Christopher J. Houchins, Jenny A. Fulgoni, Victor L. |
author_facet | Demmer, Elieke Cifelli, Christopher J. Houchins, Jenny A. Fulgoni, Victor L. |
author_sort | Demmer, Elieke |
collection | PubMed |
description | Proper nutrition early in life can influence children’s present and future health. While several authoritative sources provide eating/food recommendations, only a few studies have assessed whether these recommendations are followed. The goal of this paper was to examine food and nutrient intakes on any given day during infancy and early childhood among various ethnicities. Twenty-four-hour dietary recall data of 0–5 years-old children (n = 2431) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 was used to estimate intakes of nutrients and food groups and prevalence of inadequate intake. Data was analyzed separately for various age groups and ethnicities, and differences in means by age and or race/ethnicity were determined by t-tests with p < 0.05 as significant. The results indicate that intakes of all food groups were expectedly low at 0–11 months, increased with age, and were influenced by race/ethnicity. Mixed dish consumption, which also increased with age, made substantial contributions to children’s food group intakes. However, there was a substantial percentage of the population among all age and race/ethnic groups who did not consume the recommended amounts for each food group and had inadequate intakes of key nutrients, such as calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin E. Non-Hispanic black children consumed less dairy and more protein foods, and a significantly greater proportion of these children had inadequate intakes of calcium and vitamin D compared to their peers. In conclusion, the results from this study suggest that a substantial population of American infants and children from 0 to five years of age did not meet food group recommendations and had inadequate intakes of key nutrients such as calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin E from foods. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6073528 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-60735282018-08-13 The Pattern of Complementary Foods in American Infants and Children Aged 0–5 Years Old—A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data from the NHANES 2011–2014 Demmer, Elieke Cifelli, Christopher J. Houchins, Jenny A. Fulgoni, Victor L. Nutrients Article Proper nutrition early in life can influence children’s present and future health. While several authoritative sources provide eating/food recommendations, only a few studies have assessed whether these recommendations are followed. The goal of this paper was to examine food and nutrient intakes on any given day during infancy and early childhood among various ethnicities. Twenty-four-hour dietary recall data of 0–5 years-old children (n = 2431) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 was used to estimate intakes of nutrients and food groups and prevalence of inadequate intake. Data was analyzed separately for various age groups and ethnicities, and differences in means by age and or race/ethnicity were determined by t-tests with p < 0.05 as significant. The results indicate that intakes of all food groups were expectedly low at 0–11 months, increased with age, and were influenced by race/ethnicity. Mixed dish consumption, which also increased with age, made substantial contributions to children’s food group intakes. However, there was a substantial percentage of the population among all age and race/ethnic groups who did not consume the recommended amounts for each food group and had inadequate intakes of key nutrients, such as calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin E. Non-Hispanic black children consumed less dairy and more protein foods, and a significantly greater proportion of these children had inadequate intakes of calcium and vitamin D compared to their peers. In conclusion, the results from this study suggest that a substantial population of American infants and children from 0 to five years of age did not meet food group recommendations and had inadequate intakes of key nutrients such as calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin E from foods. MDPI 2018-06-26 /pmc/articles/PMC6073528/ /pubmed/29949890 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10070827 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Demmer, Elieke Cifelli, Christopher J. Houchins, Jenny A. Fulgoni, Victor L. The Pattern of Complementary Foods in American Infants and Children Aged 0–5 Years Old—A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data from the NHANES 2011–2014 |
title | The Pattern of Complementary Foods in American Infants and Children Aged 0–5 Years Old—A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data from the NHANES 2011–2014 |
title_full | The Pattern of Complementary Foods in American Infants and Children Aged 0–5 Years Old—A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data from the NHANES 2011–2014 |
title_fullStr | The Pattern of Complementary Foods in American Infants and Children Aged 0–5 Years Old—A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data from the NHANES 2011–2014 |
title_full_unstemmed | The Pattern of Complementary Foods in American Infants and Children Aged 0–5 Years Old—A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data from the NHANES 2011–2014 |
title_short | The Pattern of Complementary Foods in American Infants and Children Aged 0–5 Years Old—A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data from the NHANES 2011–2014 |
title_sort | pattern of complementary foods in american infants and children aged 0–5 years old—a cross-sectional analysis of data from the nhanes 2011–2014 |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6073528/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29949890 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10070827 |
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