Cargando…
Autotaxin–Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling in Alzheimer’s Disease
The brain contains various forms of lipids that are important for maintaining its structural integrity and regulating various signaling cascades. Autotaxin (ATX) is an ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-2 enzyme that hydrolyzes extracellular lysophospholipids into the lipid mediator l...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2018
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6073975/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29933579 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19071827 |
_version_ | 1783344311920754688 |
---|---|
author | Ramesh, Sindhu Govindarajulu, Manoj Suppiramaniam, Vishnu Moore, Timothy Dhanasekaran, Muralikrishnan |
author_facet | Ramesh, Sindhu Govindarajulu, Manoj Suppiramaniam, Vishnu Moore, Timothy Dhanasekaran, Muralikrishnan |
author_sort | Ramesh, Sindhu |
collection | PubMed |
description | The brain contains various forms of lipids that are important for maintaining its structural integrity and regulating various signaling cascades. Autotaxin (ATX) is an ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-2 enzyme that hydrolyzes extracellular lysophospholipids into the lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). LPA is a major bioactive lipid which acts through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and plays an important role in mediating cellular signaling processes. The majority of synthesized LPA is derived from membrane phospholipids through the action of the secreted enzyme ATX. Both ATX and LPA are highly expressed in the central nervous system. Dysfunctional expression and activity of ATX with associated changes in LPA signaling have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This review focuses on the current understanding of LPA signaling, with emphasis on the importance of the autotaxin–lysophosphatidic acid (ATX–LPA) pathway and its alterations in AD and a brief note on future therapeutic applications based on ATX–LPA signaling. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6073975 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-60739752018-08-13 Autotaxin–Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling in Alzheimer’s Disease Ramesh, Sindhu Govindarajulu, Manoj Suppiramaniam, Vishnu Moore, Timothy Dhanasekaran, Muralikrishnan Int J Mol Sci Review The brain contains various forms of lipids that are important for maintaining its structural integrity and regulating various signaling cascades. Autotaxin (ATX) is an ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-2 enzyme that hydrolyzes extracellular lysophospholipids into the lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). LPA is a major bioactive lipid which acts through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and plays an important role in mediating cellular signaling processes. The majority of synthesized LPA is derived from membrane phospholipids through the action of the secreted enzyme ATX. Both ATX and LPA are highly expressed in the central nervous system. Dysfunctional expression and activity of ATX with associated changes in LPA signaling have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This review focuses on the current understanding of LPA signaling, with emphasis on the importance of the autotaxin–lysophosphatidic acid (ATX–LPA) pathway and its alterations in AD and a brief note on future therapeutic applications based on ATX–LPA signaling. MDPI 2018-06-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6073975/ /pubmed/29933579 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19071827 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Ramesh, Sindhu Govindarajulu, Manoj Suppiramaniam, Vishnu Moore, Timothy Dhanasekaran, Muralikrishnan Autotaxin–Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling in Alzheimer’s Disease |
title | Autotaxin–Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling in Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_full | Autotaxin–Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling in Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_fullStr | Autotaxin–Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling in Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Autotaxin–Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling in Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_short | Autotaxin–Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling in Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_sort | autotaxin–lysophosphatidic acid signaling in alzheimer’s disease |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6073975/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29933579 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19071827 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT rameshsindhu autotaxinlysophosphatidicacidsignalinginalzheimersdisease AT govindarajulumanoj autotaxinlysophosphatidicacidsignalinginalzheimersdisease AT suppiramaniamvishnu autotaxinlysophosphatidicacidsignalinginalzheimersdisease AT mooretimothy autotaxinlysophosphatidicacidsignalinginalzheimersdisease AT dhanasekaranmuralikrishnan autotaxinlysophosphatidicacidsignalinginalzheimersdisease |