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Impact of active and passive social facilitation on self-paced endurance and sprint exercise: encouragement augments performance and motivation to exercise

OBJECTIVE: The positive effect of an audience on performance is anecdotally well known, but the impact of such social facilitation to both performance and the motivation to exercise have not been thoroughly explored. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate verbal encouragement as a means...

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Autores principales: Edwards, Andrew Mark, Dutton-Challis, Lia, Cottrell, David, Guy, Joshua H, Hettinga, Florentina Johanna
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6078239/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30109119
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000368
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author Edwards, Andrew Mark
Dutton-Challis, Lia
Cottrell, David
Guy, Joshua H
Hettinga, Florentina Johanna
author_facet Edwards, Andrew Mark
Dutton-Challis, Lia
Cottrell, David
Guy, Joshua H
Hettinga, Florentina Johanna
author_sort Edwards, Andrew Mark
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: The positive effect of an audience on performance is anecdotally well known, but the impact of such social facilitation to both performance and the motivation to exercise have not been thoroughly explored. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate verbal encouragement as a means to promote positive behavioural adherence to exercise and augmented performance. METHODS: Twelve untrained but active individuals (seven female), age 24±3 years participated in this study. Exercise conditions with external verbal encouragement (EVE) and without external verbal encouragement (WEVE) were compared in both endurance (20 min) and sprint (2 × 30 s Wingate) cycling tasks in a randomised crossover design. Results were analysed by separate 2 (EVE/WEVE) × 2 (sprint/endurance) within-subjects analyses of variance for each dependent variable. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.05. RESULTS: EVE resulted in a significant increase, F((1,11))=15.37, p=0.002, η(p)(2)=0.58 in the average power generated by participants in each exercise bout on the cycle ergometer. EVE also had a significant effect on reported motivation to exercise the next day, F((1,11))=5.5, p=0.04, η(p)(2) =0.33, which did not differ between type of exercise. CONCLUSION: External encouragement in both sprint and endurance activities resulted in large improvements in performance and motivation to continue an exercise regimen the next day, which has important implications for health, adherence and maximising physical performance using a practical intervention.
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spelling pubmed-60782392018-08-14 Impact of active and passive social facilitation on self-paced endurance and sprint exercise: encouragement augments performance and motivation to exercise Edwards, Andrew Mark Dutton-Challis, Lia Cottrell, David Guy, Joshua H Hettinga, Florentina Johanna BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med Original Article OBJECTIVE: The positive effect of an audience on performance is anecdotally well known, but the impact of such social facilitation to both performance and the motivation to exercise have not been thoroughly explored. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate verbal encouragement as a means to promote positive behavioural adherence to exercise and augmented performance. METHODS: Twelve untrained but active individuals (seven female), age 24±3 years participated in this study. Exercise conditions with external verbal encouragement (EVE) and without external verbal encouragement (WEVE) were compared in both endurance (20 min) and sprint (2 × 30 s Wingate) cycling tasks in a randomised crossover design. Results were analysed by separate 2 (EVE/WEVE) × 2 (sprint/endurance) within-subjects analyses of variance for each dependent variable. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.05. RESULTS: EVE resulted in a significant increase, F((1,11))=15.37, p=0.002, η(p)(2)=0.58 in the average power generated by participants in each exercise bout on the cycle ergometer. EVE also had a significant effect on reported motivation to exercise the next day, F((1,11))=5.5, p=0.04, η(p)(2) =0.33, which did not differ between type of exercise. CONCLUSION: External encouragement in both sprint and endurance activities resulted in large improvements in performance and motivation to continue an exercise regimen the next day, which has important implications for health, adherence and maximising physical performance using a practical intervention. BMJ Publishing Group 2018-07-27 /pmc/articles/PMC6078239/ /pubmed/30109119 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000368 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2018. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
spellingShingle Original Article
Edwards, Andrew Mark
Dutton-Challis, Lia
Cottrell, David
Guy, Joshua H
Hettinga, Florentina Johanna
Impact of active and passive social facilitation on self-paced endurance and sprint exercise: encouragement augments performance and motivation to exercise
title Impact of active and passive social facilitation on self-paced endurance and sprint exercise: encouragement augments performance and motivation to exercise
title_full Impact of active and passive social facilitation on self-paced endurance and sprint exercise: encouragement augments performance and motivation to exercise
title_fullStr Impact of active and passive social facilitation on self-paced endurance and sprint exercise: encouragement augments performance and motivation to exercise
title_full_unstemmed Impact of active and passive social facilitation on self-paced endurance and sprint exercise: encouragement augments performance and motivation to exercise
title_short Impact of active and passive social facilitation on self-paced endurance and sprint exercise: encouragement augments performance and motivation to exercise
title_sort impact of active and passive social facilitation on self-paced endurance and sprint exercise: encouragement augments performance and motivation to exercise
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6078239/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30109119
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000368
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