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Caesarean sections and the prevalence of preterm and early-term births in Brazil: secondary analyses of national birth registration

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether the high rates of caesarean sections (CSs) in Brazil have impacted on the prevalence of preterm and early-term births. DESIGN: Individual-level, cross-sectional analyses of a national database. SETTING: All hospital births occurring in the country in 2015. PARTICIP...

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Autores principales: Barros, Fernando C, Rabello Neto, Dacio de Lyra, Villar, Jose, Kennedy, Stephen H, Silveira, Mariangela F, Diaz-Rossello, Jose Luis, Victora, Cesar G
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6078248/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30082353
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021538
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author Barros, Fernando C
Rabello Neto, Dacio de Lyra
Villar, Jose
Kennedy, Stephen H
Silveira, Mariangela F
Diaz-Rossello, Jose Luis
Victora, Cesar G
author_facet Barros, Fernando C
Rabello Neto, Dacio de Lyra
Villar, Jose
Kennedy, Stephen H
Silveira, Mariangela F
Diaz-Rossello, Jose Luis
Victora, Cesar G
author_sort Barros, Fernando C
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether the high rates of caesarean sections (CSs) in Brazil have impacted on the prevalence of preterm and early-term births. DESIGN: Individual-level, cross-sectional analyses of a national database. SETTING: All hospital births occurring in the country in 2015. PARTICIPANTS: 2 903 716 hospital-delivered singletons in 3157 municipalities, representing >96% of the country’s births. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: CS rates and gestational age distribution (<37, 37–38, 39–41 and 42 or more weeks’ gestation). Outcomes were analysed according to maternal education, measured in years of schooling and municipal CS rates. Analyses were also adjusted for maternal age, marital status and parity. RESULTS: Prevalence of CS was 55.5%, preterm prevalence (<37 weeks’ gestation) was 10.1% and early-term births (37–38 weeks of gestation) represented 29.8% of all births, ranging from 24.9% among women with <4 years of schooling to 39.8% among those with >12 years of education. The adjusted prevalence ratios of preterm and early-term birth were, respectively, 1.215 (1.174–1.257) and 1.643 (1.616–1.671) higher in municipalities with≥80% CS compared with those <30%. CONCLUSIONS: Brazil faces three inter-related epidemics: a CS epidemic; an epidemic of early-term births, associated with the high CS rates; and an epidemic of preterm birth, also associated with CS but mostly linked to poverty-related risk factors. The high rates of preterm and early-term births produce an excess of newborns at higher risk of short-term morbidity and mortality, as well as long-term developmental problems. Compared with high-income countries, there is an annual excess of 354 000 preterm and early-term births in Brazil.
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spelling pubmed-60782482018-08-09 Caesarean sections and the prevalence of preterm and early-term births in Brazil: secondary analyses of national birth registration Barros, Fernando C Rabello Neto, Dacio de Lyra Villar, Jose Kennedy, Stephen H Silveira, Mariangela F Diaz-Rossello, Jose Luis Victora, Cesar G BMJ Open Epidemiology OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether the high rates of caesarean sections (CSs) in Brazil have impacted on the prevalence of preterm and early-term births. DESIGN: Individual-level, cross-sectional analyses of a national database. SETTING: All hospital births occurring in the country in 2015. PARTICIPANTS: 2 903 716 hospital-delivered singletons in 3157 municipalities, representing >96% of the country’s births. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: CS rates and gestational age distribution (<37, 37–38, 39–41 and 42 or more weeks’ gestation). Outcomes were analysed according to maternal education, measured in years of schooling and municipal CS rates. Analyses were also adjusted for maternal age, marital status and parity. RESULTS: Prevalence of CS was 55.5%, preterm prevalence (<37 weeks’ gestation) was 10.1% and early-term births (37–38 weeks of gestation) represented 29.8% of all births, ranging from 24.9% among women with <4 years of schooling to 39.8% among those with >12 years of education. The adjusted prevalence ratios of preterm and early-term birth were, respectively, 1.215 (1.174–1.257) and 1.643 (1.616–1.671) higher in municipalities with≥80% CS compared with those <30%. CONCLUSIONS: Brazil faces three inter-related epidemics: a CS epidemic; an epidemic of early-term births, associated with the high CS rates; and an epidemic of preterm birth, also associated with CS but mostly linked to poverty-related risk factors. The high rates of preterm and early-term births produce an excess of newborns at higher risk of short-term morbidity and mortality, as well as long-term developmental problems. Compared with high-income countries, there is an annual excess of 354 000 preterm and early-term births in Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group 2018-08-05 /pmc/articles/PMC6078248/ /pubmed/30082353 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021538 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2018. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
spellingShingle Epidemiology
Barros, Fernando C
Rabello Neto, Dacio de Lyra
Villar, Jose
Kennedy, Stephen H
Silveira, Mariangela F
Diaz-Rossello, Jose Luis
Victora, Cesar G
Caesarean sections and the prevalence of preterm and early-term births in Brazil: secondary analyses of national birth registration
title Caesarean sections and the prevalence of preterm and early-term births in Brazil: secondary analyses of national birth registration
title_full Caesarean sections and the prevalence of preterm and early-term births in Brazil: secondary analyses of national birth registration
title_fullStr Caesarean sections and the prevalence of preterm and early-term births in Brazil: secondary analyses of national birth registration
title_full_unstemmed Caesarean sections and the prevalence of preterm and early-term births in Brazil: secondary analyses of national birth registration
title_short Caesarean sections and the prevalence of preterm and early-term births in Brazil: secondary analyses of national birth registration
title_sort caesarean sections and the prevalence of preterm and early-term births in brazil: secondary analyses of national birth registration
topic Epidemiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6078248/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30082353
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021538
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