Cargando…

Imaging of disorder of sex development

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Disorders of sex development (DSDs), formerly termed ambiguous genitalia, are a group of conditions where the external genitalia appear abnormal. It represents a true medical and social emergency that needs a multidisciplinary team approach for elucidation. The pediatric r...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: AlJurayyan, Nasir
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6078506/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24060715
http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2013.363
_version_ 1783345099563859968
author AlJurayyan, Nasir
author_facet AlJurayyan, Nasir
author_sort AlJurayyan, Nasir
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Disorders of sex development (DSDs), formerly termed ambiguous genitalia, are a group of conditions where the external genitalia appear abnormal. It represents a true medical and social emergency that needs a multidisciplinary team approach for elucidation. The pediatric radiologist plays an important role in defining the genital anatomy that remains one of the most important factors in sex determination, in addition to chromosomal analysis. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: A retrospective study, conducted between January 1995 and December 2010. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Imaging studies (ultrasound, genitogram, and/or magnetic resonance imaging) were performed in patients with ambiguous genitalia, confirmed by chromosomal analysis and appropriate hormonal investigations. RESULTS: The sensitivity of ultrasound is 89.5%, while its specificity reaches 100%. Retrograde genitogram is more invasive and less sensitive, as the yield of determining the presence of a uterus ± vagina is 84.2%. However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more sensitive for gonadal tissue identification. Its specificity reaches up to 100% and can provide detailed internal structures (uterus, fallopian tubes, and gonads). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound examination is still the main modality of choice for screening patients with ambiguous genitalia. It is cheap and readily available everywhere. In addition to elucidating the uterus in 89.5%, it can also give more information on the adrenal glands. However, genitography is good—84.2% in elucidating genital anatomy—but it gives no information of the gonads and it is time consuming and invasive. MRI is helpful in cases with equivocal ultrasound, reaches 100% in elucidating internal extractor, and therefore could be reserved for that.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6078506
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2013
publisher King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-60785062018-09-21 Imaging of disorder of sex development AlJurayyan, Nasir Ann Saudi Med Original Article BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Disorders of sex development (DSDs), formerly termed ambiguous genitalia, are a group of conditions where the external genitalia appear abnormal. It represents a true medical and social emergency that needs a multidisciplinary team approach for elucidation. The pediatric radiologist plays an important role in defining the genital anatomy that remains one of the most important factors in sex determination, in addition to chromosomal analysis. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: A retrospective study, conducted between January 1995 and December 2010. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Imaging studies (ultrasound, genitogram, and/or magnetic resonance imaging) were performed in patients with ambiguous genitalia, confirmed by chromosomal analysis and appropriate hormonal investigations. RESULTS: The sensitivity of ultrasound is 89.5%, while its specificity reaches 100%. Retrograde genitogram is more invasive and less sensitive, as the yield of determining the presence of a uterus ± vagina is 84.2%. However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more sensitive for gonadal tissue identification. Its specificity reaches up to 100% and can provide detailed internal structures (uterus, fallopian tubes, and gonads). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound examination is still the main modality of choice for screening patients with ambiguous genitalia. It is cheap and readily available everywhere. In addition to elucidating the uterus in 89.5%, it can also give more information on the adrenal glands. However, genitography is good—84.2% in elucidating genital anatomy—but it gives no information of the gonads and it is time consuming and invasive. MRI is helpful in cases with equivocal ultrasound, reaches 100% in elucidating internal extractor, and therefore could be reserved for that. King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre 2013 /pmc/articles/PMC6078506/ /pubmed/24060715 http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2013.363 Text en Copyright © 2013, Annals of Saudi Medicine This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Original Article
AlJurayyan, Nasir
Imaging of disorder of sex development
title Imaging of disorder of sex development
title_full Imaging of disorder of sex development
title_fullStr Imaging of disorder of sex development
title_full_unstemmed Imaging of disorder of sex development
title_short Imaging of disorder of sex development
title_sort imaging of disorder of sex development
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6078506/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24060715
http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2013.363
work_keys_str_mv AT aljurayyannasir imagingofdisorderofsexdevelopment