Two-photon-induced stretchable graphene supercapacitors

Direct laser writing with an ultrashort laser beam pulses has emerged as a cost-effective single step technology for realizing high spatial resolution features of three-dimensional structures in confined footprints with potential for large area fabrication. Here we present the two-photon direct laser writing technology to develop high-performance stretchable biomimetic three-dimensional micro-supercapacitors with the fractal electrode distance down to 1 µm. With multilayered graphene oxide films, we show the charge transfer capability enhanced by order of 10(2) while the energy storage density exceeds the results in current lithium-ion batteries. The stretchability and the volumetric capacitance are increased to 150% and 86 mF/cm(3) (0.181 mF/cm(2)), respectively. This additive nanofabrication method is highly desirable for the development of self-sustainable stretchable energy storage integrated with wearable technologies. The flexible and stretchable energy storage with a high energy density opens the new opportunity for on-chip sensing, imaging, and monitoring.