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The History of Rabies in Trinidad: Epidemiology and Control Measures

Vampire bat-transmitted rabies was first recognized in Trinidad during a major outbreak reported in 1925. Trinidad is the only Caribbean island with vampire bat-transmitted rabies. We conducted a literature review to describe the changing epidemiology of rabies in Trinidad and give a historical pers...

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Autores principales: Seetahal, Janine F. R., Vokaty, Alexandra, Carrington, Christine V.F., Adesiyun, Abiodun A., Mahabir, Ron, Hinds, Avery Q. J., Rupprecht, Charles E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6082105/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30270885
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed2030027
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author Seetahal, Janine F. R.
Vokaty, Alexandra
Carrington, Christine V.F.
Adesiyun, Abiodun A.
Mahabir, Ron
Hinds, Avery Q. J.
Rupprecht, Charles E.
author_facet Seetahal, Janine F. R.
Vokaty, Alexandra
Carrington, Christine V.F.
Adesiyun, Abiodun A.
Mahabir, Ron
Hinds, Avery Q. J.
Rupprecht, Charles E.
author_sort Seetahal, Janine F. R.
collection PubMed
description Vampire bat-transmitted rabies was first recognized in Trinidad during a major outbreak reported in 1925. Trinidad is the only Caribbean island with vampire bat-transmitted rabies. We conducted a literature review to describe the changing epidemiology of rabies in Trinidad and give a historical perspective to rabies prevention and control measures on the island. The last human case of rabies occurred in 1937 and although no case of canine-transmitted rabies was reported since 1914, sporadic outbreaks of bat-transmitted rabies still occur in livestock to date. Over the last century, seven notable epidemics were recorded in Trinidad with the loss of over 3000 animals. During the 1950s, several measures were effectively adopted for the prevention and control of the disease which led to a significant reduction in the number of cases. These measures include: vampire bat population control, livestock vaccination, and animal surveillance. However, due to lapses in these measures over the years (e.g., periods of limited vampire control and incomplete herd vaccination), epidemics have occurred. In light of the significant negative impact of rabies on animal production and human health, rabies surveillance in Trinidad should be enhanced and cases evaluated towards the design and implementation of more evidence-based prevention and control programs.
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spelling pubmed-60821052018-09-24 The History of Rabies in Trinidad: Epidemiology and Control Measures Seetahal, Janine F. R. Vokaty, Alexandra Carrington, Christine V.F. Adesiyun, Abiodun A. Mahabir, Ron Hinds, Avery Q. J. Rupprecht, Charles E. Trop Med Infect Dis Review Vampire bat-transmitted rabies was first recognized in Trinidad during a major outbreak reported in 1925. Trinidad is the only Caribbean island with vampire bat-transmitted rabies. We conducted a literature review to describe the changing epidemiology of rabies in Trinidad and give a historical perspective to rabies prevention and control measures on the island. The last human case of rabies occurred in 1937 and although no case of canine-transmitted rabies was reported since 1914, sporadic outbreaks of bat-transmitted rabies still occur in livestock to date. Over the last century, seven notable epidemics were recorded in Trinidad with the loss of over 3000 animals. During the 1950s, several measures were effectively adopted for the prevention and control of the disease which led to a significant reduction in the number of cases. These measures include: vampire bat population control, livestock vaccination, and animal surveillance. However, due to lapses in these measures over the years (e.g., periods of limited vampire control and incomplete herd vaccination), epidemics have occurred. In light of the significant negative impact of rabies on animal production and human health, rabies surveillance in Trinidad should be enhanced and cases evaluated towards the design and implementation of more evidence-based prevention and control programs. MDPI 2017-07-11 /pmc/articles/PMC6082105/ /pubmed/30270885 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed2030027 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Seetahal, Janine F. R.
Vokaty, Alexandra
Carrington, Christine V.F.
Adesiyun, Abiodun A.
Mahabir, Ron
Hinds, Avery Q. J.
Rupprecht, Charles E.
The History of Rabies in Trinidad: Epidemiology and Control Measures
title The History of Rabies in Trinidad: Epidemiology and Control Measures
title_full The History of Rabies in Trinidad: Epidemiology and Control Measures
title_fullStr The History of Rabies in Trinidad: Epidemiology and Control Measures
title_full_unstemmed The History of Rabies in Trinidad: Epidemiology and Control Measures
title_short The History of Rabies in Trinidad: Epidemiology and Control Measures
title_sort history of rabies in trinidad: epidemiology and control measures
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6082105/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30270885
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed2030027
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