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Salivary Exosome and Cell-Free DNA for Cancer Detection

Liquid biopsies are easier to acquire patient derived samples than conventional tissue biopsies, and their use enables real-time monitoring of the disease through continuous sampling after initial diagnosis, resulting in a paradigm shift to customized treatment according to the patient’s prognosis....

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Autores principales: Hyun, Kyung-A, Gwak, Hogyeong, Lee, Jaehun, Kwak, Bongseop, Jung, Hyo-Il
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6082266/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30424273
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9070340
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author Hyun, Kyung-A
Gwak, Hogyeong
Lee, Jaehun
Kwak, Bongseop
Jung, Hyo-Il
author_facet Hyun, Kyung-A
Gwak, Hogyeong
Lee, Jaehun
Kwak, Bongseop
Jung, Hyo-Il
author_sort Hyun, Kyung-A
collection PubMed
description Liquid biopsies are easier to acquire patient derived samples than conventional tissue biopsies, and their use enables real-time monitoring of the disease through continuous sampling after initial diagnosis, resulting in a paradigm shift to customized treatment according to the patient’s prognosis. Among the various liquid biopsy samples, saliva is easily obtained by spitting or swab sucking without needing an expert for sample collection. In addition, it is known that disease related biomarkers that exist in the blood and have undergone extensive research exist in saliva even at a lower concentration than the blood. Thus, interest in the use of saliva as a liquid biopsy has increased. In this review, we focused on the salivary exosome and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) among the various biomarkers in saliva. Since the exosome and cfDNA in saliva are present at lower concentrations than the biomarkers in blood, it is important to separate and concentrate them before conducting down-stream analyses such as exosome cargo analysis, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and sequencing. However, saliva is difficult to apply directly to microfluidics-based systems for separation because of its high viscosity and the presence of various foreign substances. Therefore, we reviewed the microfluidics-based saliva pretreatment method and then compared the commercially available kit and the microfluidic chip for isolation and enrichment of the exosome and cfDNA in saliva.
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spelling pubmed-60822662018-11-01 Salivary Exosome and Cell-Free DNA for Cancer Detection Hyun, Kyung-A Gwak, Hogyeong Lee, Jaehun Kwak, Bongseop Jung, Hyo-Il Micromachines (Basel) Review Liquid biopsies are easier to acquire patient derived samples than conventional tissue biopsies, and their use enables real-time monitoring of the disease through continuous sampling after initial diagnosis, resulting in a paradigm shift to customized treatment according to the patient’s prognosis. Among the various liquid biopsy samples, saliva is easily obtained by spitting or swab sucking without needing an expert for sample collection. In addition, it is known that disease related biomarkers that exist in the blood and have undergone extensive research exist in saliva even at a lower concentration than the blood. Thus, interest in the use of saliva as a liquid biopsy has increased. In this review, we focused on the salivary exosome and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) among the various biomarkers in saliva. Since the exosome and cfDNA in saliva are present at lower concentrations than the biomarkers in blood, it is important to separate and concentrate them before conducting down-stream analyses such as exosome cargo analysis, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and sequencing. However, saliva is difficult to apply directly to microfluidics-based systems for separation because of its high viscosity and the presence of various foreign substances. Therefore, we reviewed the microfluidics-based saliva pretreatment method and then compared the commercially available kit and the microfluidic chip for isolation and enrichment of the exosome and cfDNA in saliva. MDPI 2018-07-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6082266/ /pubmed/30424273 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9070340 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Hyun, Kyung-A
Gwak, Hogyeong
Lee, Jaehun
Kwak, Bongseop
Jung, Hyo-Il
Salivary Exosome and Cell-Free DNA for Cancer Detection
title Salivary Exosome and Cell-Free DNA for Cancer Detection
title_full Salivary Exosome and Cell-Free DNA for Cancer Detection
title_fullStr Salivary Exosome and Cell-Free DNA for Cancer Detection
title_full_unstemmed Salivary Exosome and Cell-Free DNA for Cancer Detection
title_short Salivary Exosome and Cell-Free DNA for Cancer Detection
title_sort salivary exosome and cell-free dna for cancer detection
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6082266/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30424273
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9070340
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