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Ambient Air Currents Activate Corneal Nerves During Ocular Desiccation in Rats: Simultaneous Recordings of Neural Activity and Corneal Temperature
PURPOSE: Previously we found two types of corneal neurons that we hypothesized to play an important role in tearing. One type is called low threshold–cold sensitive plus dry sensitive (LT-CS + DS), and the other is termed high threshold–cold sensitive plus dry sensitive (HT-CS + DS). The present stu...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6082328/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30098191 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.18-24604 |
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author | Hirata, Harumitsu Dallacasagrande, Valentina Mizerska, Kamila Ivakhnitskaia, Evguenia Rosenblatt, Mark I. |
author_facet | Hirata, Harumitsu Dallacasagrande, Valentina Mizerska, Kamila Ivakhnitskaia, Evguenia Rosenblatt, Mark I. |
author_sort | Hirata, Harumitsu |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: Previously we found two types of corneal neurons that we hypothesized to play an important role in tearing. One type is called low threshold–cold sensitive plus dry sensitive (LT-CS + DS), and the other is termed high threshold–cold sensitive plus dry sensitive (HT-CS + DS). The present study examined critical stimuli influencing the activity of these neurons to elucidate environmental factors that may trigger this ocular reflex. METHODS: Single corneal neurons were extracellularly recorded from the trigeminal ganglia in response to ocular stimuli that mimic environmental conditions one encounters in daily life. They included an ocular desiccation and slight air currents and were presented while simultaneously monitoring the ocular surface temperatures (OST) in rats. RESULTS: The results showed that the changes in steady state (SS) activity of the neurons closely followed the changes in SS OST: during the sustained ocular desiccation, neural firing displayed numerous small sudden increases in activities (“spiking”); these “spiking” activities of LT-CS + DS neurons were replicated by a minute air current that induced slight ocular surface cooling of approximately 0.2–0.1°C; and the responses of HT-CS + DS neurons showed an inconsistent relationship to the changes in SS OST or exhibited little evidence for “spiking” activities. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that LT-CS + DS neurons play a role in the afferent trigger of tearing as we face the environment, exposing the cornea to prevailing air currents that produce a slight cooling of the ocular surface. By contrast, HT-CS + DS neurons may serve to protect the eyes from extreme dryness by eliciting nociception-evoked tearing when the OST or osmolarity of tears becomes injurious. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6082328 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-60823282018-08-15 Ambient Air Currents Activate Corneal Nerves During Ocular Desiccation in Rats: Simultaneous Recordings of Neural Activity and Corneal Temperature Hirata, Harumitsu Dallacasagrande, Valentina Mizerska, Kamila Ivakhnitskaia, Evguenia Rosenblatt, Mark I. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Cornea PURPOSE: Previously we found two types of corneal neurons that we hypothesized to play an important role in tearing. One type is called low threshold–cold sensitive plus dry sensitive (LT-CS + DS), and the other is termed high threshold–cold sensitive plus dry sensitive (HT-CS + DS). The present study examined critical stimuli influencing the activity of these neurons to elucidate environmental factors that may trigger this ocular reflex. METHODS: Single corneal neurons were extracellularly recorded from the trigeminal ganglia in response to ocular stimuli that mimic environmental conditions one encounters in daily life. They included an ocular desiccation and slight air currents and were presented while simultaneously monitoring the ocular surface temperatures (OST) in rats. RESULTS: The results showed that the changes in steady state (SS) activity of the neurons closely followed the changes in SS OST: during the sustained ocular desiccation, neural firing displayed numerous small sudden increases in activities (“spiking”); these “spiking” activities of LT-CS + DS neurons were replicated by a minute air current that induced slight ocular surface cooling of approximately 0.2–0.1°C; and the responses of HT-CS + DS neurons showed an inconsistent relationship to the changes in SS OST or exhibited little evidence for “spiking” activities. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that LT-CS + DS neurons play a role in the afferent trigger of tearing as we face the environment, exposing the cornea to prevailing air currents that produce a slight cooling of the ocular surface. By contrast, HT-CS + DS neurons may serve to protect the eyes from extreme dryness by eliciting nociception-evoked tearing when the OST or osmolarity of tears becomes injurious. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 2018-08 /pmc/articles/PMC6082328/ /pubmed/30098191 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.18-24604 Text en Copyright 2018 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. |
spellingShingle | Cornea Hirata, Harumitsu Dallacasagrande, Valentina Mizerska, Kamila Ivakhnitskaia, Evguenia Rosenblatt, Mark I. Ambient Air Currents Activate Corneal Nerves During Ocular Desiccation in Rats: Simultaneous Recordings of Neural Activity and Corneal Temperature |
title | Ambient Air Currents Activate Corneal Nerves During Ocular Desiccation in Rats: Simultaneous Recordings of Neural Activity and Corneal Temperature |
title_full | Ambient Air Currents Activate Corneal Nerves During Ocular Desiccation in Rats: Simultaneous Recordings of Neural Activity and Corneal Temperature |
title_fullStr | Ambient Air Currents Activate Corneal Nerves During Ocular Desiccation in Rats: Simultaneous Recordings of Neural Activity and Corneal Temperature |
title_full_unstemmed | Ambient Air Currents Activate Corneal Nerves During Ocular Desiccation in Rats: Simultaneous Recordings of Neural Activity and Corneal Temperature |
title_short | Ambient Air Currents Activate Corneal Nerves During Ocular Desiccation in Rats: Simultaneous Recordings of Neural Activity and Corneal Temperature |
title_sort | ambient air currents activate corneal nerves during ocular desiccation in rats: simultaneous recordings of neural activity and corneal temperature |
topic | Cornea |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6082328/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30098191 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.18-24604 |
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