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The Perineuronal ‘Safety’ Net? Perineuronal Net Abnormalities in Neurological Disorders

Perineuronal nets (PNN) are extracellular matrix (ECM) assemblies that preferentially ensheath parvalbumin (PV) expressing interneurons. Converging evidence indicates that PV cells and PNN are impaired in a variety of neurological disorders. PNN development and maintenance is necessary for a number...

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Autores principales: Wen, Teresa H., Binder, Devin K., Ethell, Iryna M., Razak, Khaleel A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6085424/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30123106
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00270
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author Wen, Teresa H.
Binder, Devin K.
Ethell, Iryna M.
Razak, Khaleel A.
author_facet Wen, Teresa H.
Binder, Devin K.
Ethell, Iryna M.
Razak, Khaleel A.
author_sort Wen, Teresa H.
collection PubMed
description Perineuronal nets (PNN) are extracellular matrix (ECM) assemblies that preferentially ensheath parvalbumin (PV) expressing interneurons. Converging evidence indicates that PV cells and PNN are impaired in a variety of neurological disorders. PNN development and maintenance is necessary for a number of processes within the CNS, including regulation of GABAergic cell function, protection of neurons from oxidative stress, and closure of developmental critical period plasticity windows. Understanding PNN functions may be essential for characterizing the mechanisms of altered cortical excitability observed in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. Indeed, PNN abnormalities have been observed in post-mortem brain tissues of patients with schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease. There is impaired development of PNNs and enhanced activity of its key regulator matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in Fragile X Syndrome, a common genetic cause of autism. MMP-9, a protease that cleaves ECM, is differentially regulated in a number of these disorders. Despite this, few studies have addressed the interactions between PNN expression, MMP-9 activity and neuronal excitability. In this review, we highlight the current evidence for PNN abnormalities in CNS disorders associated with altered network function and MMP-9 levels, emphasizing the need for future work targeting PNNs in pathophysiology and therapeutic treatment of neurological disorders.
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spelling pubmed-60854242018-08-17 The Perineuronal ‘Safety’ Net? Perineuronal Net Abnormalities in Neurological Disorders Wen, Teresa H. Binder, Devin K. Ethell, Iryna M. Razak, Khaleel A. Front Mol Neurosci Neuroscience Perineuronal nets (PNN) are extracellular matrix (ECM) assemblies that preferentially ensheath parvalbumin (PV) expressing interneurons. Converging evidence indicates that PV cells and PNN are impaired in a variety of neurological disorders. PNN development and maintenance is necessary for a number of processes within the CNS, including regulation of GABAergic cell function, protection of neurons from oxidative stress, and closure of developmental critical period plasticity windows. Understanding PNN functions may be essential for characterizing the mechanisms of altered cortical excitability observed in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. Indeed, PNN abnormalities have been observed in post-mortem brain tissues of patients with schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease. There is impaired development of PNNs and enhanced activity of its key regulator matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in Fragile X Syndrome, a common genetic cause of autism. MMP-9, a protease that cleaves ECM, is differentially regulated in a number of these disorders. Despite this, few studies have addressed the interactions between PNN expression, MMP-9 activity and neuronal excitability. In this review, we highlight the current evidence for PNN abnormalities in CNS disorders associated with altered network function and MMP-9 levels, emphasizing the need for future work targeting PNNs in pathophysiology and therapeutic treatment of neurological disorders. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-08-03 /pmc/articles/PMC6085424/ /pubmed/30123106 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00270 Text en Copyright © 2018 Wen, Binder, Ethell and Razak. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Wen, Teresa H.
Binder, Devin K.
Ethell, Iryna M.
Razak, Khaleel A.
The Perineuronal ‘Safety’ Net? Perineuronal Net Abnormalities in Neurological Disorders
title The Perineuronal ‘Safety’ Net? Perineuronal Net Abnormalities in Neurological Disorders
title_full The Perineuronal ‘Safety’ Net? Perineuronal Net Abnormalities in Neurological Disorders
title_fullStr The Perineuronal ‘Safety’ Net? Perineuronal Net Abnormalities in Neurological Disorders
title_full_unstemmed The Perineuronal ‘Safety’ Net? Perineuronal Net Abnormalities in Neurological Disorders
title_short The Perineuronal ‘Safety’ Net? Perineuronal Net Abnormalities in Neurological Disorders
title_sort perineuronal ‘safety’ net? perineuronal net abnormalities in neurological disorders
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6085424/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30123106
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00270
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