Cargando…

Morphological study of floral nectaries in Euonymus and the probable origin of the echinate fruit surface

A conspicuous nectary disk is common but has a distinguishing morphology in the cosmopolitan genus Euonymus. Our study focuses on the morphology of floral nectaries in 21 representatives of Euonymus and Glyptopetalum. Two main types of nectaries were documented: a mix of inter- and extrastaminal nec...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Yao, Chiyuan, Zuo, Yunjuan, Du, Cheng, Ma, Jinshuang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: KeAi Publishing 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6091930/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30159539
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2017.12.004
_version_ 1783347449012682752
author Yao, Chiyuan
Zuo, Yunjuan
Du, Cheng
Ma, Jinshuang
author_facet Yao, Chiyuan
Zuo, Yunjuan
Du, Cheng
Ma, Jinshuang
author_sort Yao, Chiyuan
collection PubMed
description A conspicuous nectary disk is common but has a distinguishing morphology in the cosmopolitan genus Euonymus. Our study focuses on the morphology of floral nectaries in 21 representatives of Euonymus and Glyptopetalum. Two main types of nectaries were documented: a mix of inter- and extrastaminal nectaries existed between the corolla and the stigma, while the intrastaminal nectaries were distributed between the stigma and the stamen bases. The main route of nectar release in Euonymus is via modified stomata, and different nectarostomata locations were observed: in depressions, slightly raised above the epidermal surface or at the same level as the epidermis. Floral nectaries in E. sect. Echinococcus species developed into the protrusions on the fruit surface at the later stage. The development of nectaries not only explained the mystery of the origin of the echinate fruit surface, but also showed that differences in fruit surface might be inappropriate for use in infrageneric classification. These discoveries inform morphological observations of floral nectaries in Euonymus.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6091930
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2018
publisher KeAi Publishing
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-60919302018-08-29 Morphological study of floral nectaries in Euonymus and the probable origin of the echinate fruit surface Yao, Chiyuan Zuo, Yunjuan Du, Cheng Ma, Jinshuang Plant Divers Article A conspicuous nectary disk is common but has a distinguishing morphology in the cosmopolitan genus Euonymus. Our study focuses on the morphology of floral nectaries in 21 representatives of Euonymus and Glyptopetalum. Two main types of nectaries were documented: a mix of inter- and extrastaminal nectaries existed between the corolla and the stigma, while the intrastaminal nectaries were distributed between the stigma and the stamen bases. The main route of nectar release in Euonymus is via modified stomata, and different nectarostomata locations were observed: in depressions, slightly raised above the epidermal surface or at the same level as the epidermis. Floral nectaries in E. sect. Echinococcus species developed into the protrusions on the fruit surface at the later stage. The development of nectaries not only explained the mystery of the origin of the echinate fruit surface, but also showed that differences in fruit surface might be inappropriate for use in infrageneric classification. These discoveries inform morphological observations of floral nectaries in Euonymus. KeAi Publishing 2018-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6091930/ /pubmed/30159539 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2017.12.004 Text en Copyright © 2018 Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Yao, Chiyuan
Zuo, Yunjuan
Du, Cheng
Ma, Jinshuang
Morphological study of floral nectaries in Euonymus and the probable origin of the echinate fruit surface
title Morphological study of floral nectaries in Euonymus and the probable origin of the echinate fruit surface
title_full Morphological study of floral nectaries in Euonymus and the probable origin of the echinate fruit surface
title_fullStr Morphological study of floral nectaries in Euonymus and the probable origin of the echinate fruit surface
title_full_unstemmed Morphological study of floral nectaries in Euonymus and the probable origin of the echinate fruit surface
title_short Morphological study of floral nectaries in Euonymus and the probable origin of the echinate fruit surface
title_sort morphological study of floral nectaries in euonymus and the probable origin of the echinate fruit surface
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6091930/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30159539
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2017.12.004
work_keys_str_mv AT yaochiyuan morphologicalstudyoffloralnectariesineuonymusandtheprobableoriginoftheechinatefruitsurface
AT zuoyunjuan morphologicalstudyoffloralnectariesineuonymusandtheprobableoriginoftheechinatefruitsurface
AT ducheng morphologicalstudyoffloralnectariesineuonymusandtheprobableoriginoftheechinatefruitsurface
AT majinshuang morphologicalstudyoffloralnectariesineuonymusandtheprobableoriginoftheechinatefruitsurface