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Morphological study of floral nectaries in Euonymus and the probable origin of the echinate fruit surface
A conspicuous nectary disk is common but has a distinguishing morphology in the cosmopolitan genus Euonymus. Our study focuses on the morphology of floral nectaries in 21 representatives of Euonymus and Glyptopetalum. Two main types of nectaries were documented: a mix of inter- and extrastaminal nec...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
KeAi Publishing
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6091930/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30159539 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2017.12.004 |
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author | Yao, Chiyuan Zuo, Yunjuan Du, Cheng Ma, Jinshuang |
author_facet | Yao, Chiyuan Zuo, Yunjuan Du, Cheng Ma, Jinshuang |
author_sort | Yao, Chiyuan |
collection | PubMed |
description | A conspicuous nectary disk is common but has a distinguishing morphology in the cosmopolitan genus Euonymus. Our study focuses on the morphology of floral nectaries in 21 representatives of Euonymus and Glyptopetalum. Two main types of nectaries were documented: a mix of inter- and extrastaminal nectaries existed between the corolla and the stigma, while the intrastaminal nectaries were distributed between the stigma and the stamen bases. The main route of nectar release in Euonymus is via modified stomata, and different nectarostomata locations were observed: in depressions, slightly raised above the epidermal surface or at the same level as the epidermis. Floral nectaries in E. sect. Echinococcus species developed into the protrusions on the fruit surface at the later stage. The development of nectaries not only explained the mystery of the origin of the echinate fruit surface, but also showed that differences in fruit surface might be inappropriate for use in infrageneric classification. These discoveries inform morphological observations of floral nectaries in Euonymus. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6091930 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | KeAi Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-60919302018-08-29 Morphological study of floral nectaries in Euonymus and the probable origin of the echinate fruit surface Yao, Chiyuan Zuo, Yunjuan Du, Cheng Ma, Jinshuang Plant Divers Article A conspicuous nectary disk is common but has a distinguishing morphology in the cosmopolitan genus Euonymus. Our study focuses on the morphology of floral nectaries in 21 representatives of Euonymus and Glyptopetalum. Two main types of nectaries were documented: a mix of inter- and extrastaminal nectaries existed between the corolla and the stigma, while the intrastaminal nectaries were distributed between the stigma and the stamen bases. The main route of nectar release in Euonymus is via modified stomata, and different nectarostomata locations were observed: in depressions, slightly raised above the epidermal surface or at the same level as the epidermis. Floral nectaries in E. sect. Echinococcus species developed into the protrusions on the fruit surface at the later stage. The development of nectaries not only explained the mystery of the origin of the echinate fruit surface, but also showed that differences in fruit surface might be inappropriate for use in infrageneric classification. These discoveries inform morphological observations of floral nectaries in Euonymus. KeAi Publishing 2018-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6091930/ /pubmed/30159539 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2017.12.004 Text en Copyright © 2018 Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Yao, Chiyuan Zuo, Yunjuan Du, Cheng Ma, Jinshuang Morphological study of floral nectaries in Euonymus and the probable origin of the echinate fruit surface |
title | Morphological study of floral nectaries in Euonymus and the probable origin of the echinate fruit surface |
title_full | Morphological study of floral nectaries in Euonymus and the probable origin of the echinate fruit surface |
title_fullStr | Morphological study of floral nectaries in Euonymus and the probable origin of the echinate fruit surface |
title_full_unstemmed | Morphological study of floral nectaries in Euonymus and the probable origin of the echinate fruit surface |
title_short | Morphological study of floral nectaries in Euonymus and the probable origin of the echinate fruit surface |
title_sort | morphological study of floral nectaries in euonymus and the probable origin of the echinate fruit surface |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6091930/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30159539 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2017.12.004 |
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