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Safety and efficacy of 4-terpineol against microorganisms associated with blepharitis and common ocular diseases
OBJECTIVE: Microbial infection has been reported to cause blepharitis, conjunctivitis and keratitis. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a foam formulation of 2% 4-terpineol (T4O) against common ocular microorganisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The antimicrobial effect of a 2% T4O formulation was eva...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6093255/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30123842 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2017-000094 |
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author | Su, Chen-Wei Tighe, Sean Sheha, Hosam Cheng, Anny M S Tseng, Scheffer C G |
author_facet | Su, Chen-Wei Tighe, Sean Sheha, Hosam Cheng, Anny M S Tseng, Scheffer C G |
author_sort | Su, Chen-Wei |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: Microbial infection has been reported to cause blepharitis, conjunctivitis and keratitis. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a foam formulation of 2% 4-terpineol (T4O) against common ocular microorganisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The antimicrobial effect of a 2% T4O formulation was evaluated by the United States Pharmacopeia 51 (USP <51>) antimicrobial effectiveness test for 14 and 28 days, as well as by a Time Kill Study (ASTM E2315) with a 60 s exposure time. Its potential of causing skin and ocular irritation was evaluated by the Repeated Insult Patch Test and the Hen’s Egg Chorioallantoic Membrane Test, respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: It was seen that 2% T4O formulation did not cause ocular irritation, skin irritation, sensitisation or allergic contact dermatitis in human subjects. Most importantly, it killed microorganisms listed in USP <51> at both 14 and 28 days and exerted a rapid killing effect within 60 s against 13 bacteria, 1 fungus and Acanthamoeba castellanii. CONCLUSION: The above finding suggests that 2% T4O formulation is safe and effective in killing microorganisms related to common ocular and skin infective diseases. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: Although the clinical efficacy in treating ocular disease was not directly studied; this foam formulation containing 2% T4O, based on the in vitro results of this work, demonstrated that it can potentially be used as a preservative-free cleansing agent for ocular hygiene maintenance due to its ability to exert a broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect without causing ocular or skin irritation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6093255 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-60932552018-08-17 Safety and efficacy of 4-terpineol against microorganisms associated with blepharitis and common ocular diseases Su, Chen-Wei Tighe, Sean Sheha, Hosam Cheng, Anny M S Tseng, Scheffer C G BMJ Open Ophthalmol Original Article OBJECTIVE: Microbial infection has been reported to cause blepharitis, conjunctivitis and keratitis. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a foam formulation of 2% 4-terpineol (T4O) against common ocular microorganisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The antimicrobial effect of a 2% T4O formulation was evaluated by the United States Pharmacopeia 51 (USP <51>) antimicrobial effectiveness test for 14 and 28 days, as well as by a Time Kill Study (ASTM E2315) with a 60 s exposure time. Its potential of causing skin and ocular irritation was evaluated by the Repeated Insult Patch Test and the Hen’s Egg Chorioallantoic Membrane Test, respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: It was seen that 2% T4O formulation did not cause ocular irritation, skin irritation, sensitisation or allergic contact dermatitis in human subjects. Most importantly, it killed microorganisms listed in USP <51> at both 14 and 28 days and exerted a rapid killing effect within 60 s against 13 bacteria, 1 fungus and Acanthamoeba castellanii. CONCLUSION: The above finding suggests that 2% T4O formulation is safe and effective in killing microorganisms related to common ocular and skin infective diseases. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: Although the clinical efficacy in treating ocular disease was not directly studied; this foam formulation containing 2% T4O, based on the in vitro results of this work, demonstrated that it can potentially be used as a preservative-free cleansing agent for ocular hygiene maintenance due to its ability to exert a broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect without causing ocular or skin irritation. BMJ Publishing Group 2018-06-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6093255/ /pubmed/30123842 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2017-000094 Text en © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted. This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Original Article Su, Chen-Wei Tighe, Sean Sheha, Hosam Cheng, Anny M S Tseng, Scheffer C G Safety and efficacy of 4-terpineol against microorganisms associated with blepharitis and common ocular diseases |
title | Safety and efficacy of 4-terpineol against microorganisms associated with blepharitis and common ocular diseases |
title_full | Safety and efficacy of 4-terpineol against microorganisms associated with blepharitis and common ocular diseases |
title_fullStr | Safety and efficacy of 4-terpineol against microorganisms associated with blepharitis and common ocular diseases |
title_full_unstemmed | Safety and efficacy of 4-terpineol against microorganisms associated with blepharitis and common ocular diseases |
title_short | Safety and efficacy of 4-terpineol against microorganisms associated with blepharitis and common ocular diseases |
title_sort | safety and efficacy of 4-terpineol against microorganisms associated with blepharitis and common ocular diseases |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6093255/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30123842 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2017-000094 |
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