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Spin ballet for sweet encounters: saturation-transfer difference NMR and X-ray crystallography complement each other in the elucidation of protein–glycan interactions

Biomolecular NMR spectroscopy has limitations in the determination of protein structures: an inherent size limit and the requirement for expensive and potentially difficult isotope labelling pose considerable hurdles. Therefore, structural analysis of larger proteins is almost exclusively performed...

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Autores principales: Blaum, Bärbel S., Neu, Ursula, Peters, Thomas, Stehle, Thilo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: International Union of Crystallography 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6096479/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30084394
http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S2053230X18006581
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author Blaum, Bärbel S.
Neu, Ursula
Peters, Thomas
Stehle, Thilo
author_facet Blaum, Bärbel S.
Neu, Ursula
Peters, Thomas
Stehle, Thilo
author_sort Blaum, Bärbel S.
collection PubMed
description Biomolecular NMR spectroscopy has limitations in the determination of protein structures: an inherent size limit and the requirement for expensive and potentially difficult isotope labelling pose considerable hurdles. Therefore, structural analysis of larger proteins is almost exclusively performed by crystallography. However, the diversity of biological NMR applications outperforms that of any other structural biology technique. For the characterization of transient complexes formed by proteins and small ligands, notably oligosaccharides, one NMR technique has recently proven to be particularly powerful: saturation-transfer difference NMR (STD-NMR) spectroscopy. STD-NMR experiments are fast and simple to set up, with no general protein size limit and no requirement for isotope labelling. The method performs best in the moderate-to-low affinity range that is of interest in most of glycobiology. With small amounts of unlabelled protein, STD-NMR experiments can identify hits from mixtures of potential ligands, characterize mutant proteins and pinpoint binding epitopes on the ligand side. STD-NMR can thus be employed to complement and improve protein–ligand complex models obtained by other structural biology techniques or by purely computational means. With a set of protein–glycan interactions from our own work, this review provides an introduction to the technique for structural biologists. It exemplifies how crystallography and STD-NMR can be combined to elucidate protein–glycan (and other protein–ligand) interactions in atomic detail, and how the technique can extend structural biology from simplified systems amenable to crystallization to more complex biological entities such as membranes, live viruses or entire cells.
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spelling pubmed-60964792018-08-24 Spin ballet for sweet encounters: saturation-transfer difference NMR and X-ray crystallography complement each other in the elucidation of protein–glycan interactions Blaum, Bärbel S. Neu, Ursula Peters, Thomas Stehle, Thilo Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun Topical Reviews Biomolecular NMR spectroscopy has limitations in the determination of protein structures: an inherent size limit and the requirement for expensive and potentially difficult isotope labelling pose considerable hurdles. Therefore, structural analysis of larger proteins is almost exclusively performed by crystallography. However, the diversity of biological NMR applications outperforms that of any other structural biology technique. For the characterization of transient complexes formed by proteins and small ligands, notably oligosaccharides, one NMR technique has recently proven to be particularly powerful: saturation-transfer difference NMR (STD-NMR) spectroscopy. STD-NMR experiments are fast and simple to set up, with no general protein size limit and no requirement for isotope labelling. The method performs best in the moderate-to-low affinity range that is of interest in most of glycobiology. With small amounts of unlabelled protein, STD-NMR experiments can identify hits from mixtures of potential ligands, characterize mutant proteins and pinpoint binding epitopes on the ligand side. STD-NMR can thus be employed to complement and improve protein–ligand complex models obtained by other structural biology techniques or by purely computational means. With a set of protein–glycan interactions from our own work, this review provides an introduction to the technique for structural biologists. It exemplifies how crystallography and STD-NMR can be combined to elucidate protein–glycan (and other protein–ligand) interactions in atomic detail, and how the technique can extend structural biology from simplified systems amenable to crystallization to more complex biological entities such as membranes, live viruses or entire cells. International Union of Crystallography 2018-07-26 /pmc/articles/PMC6096479/ /pubmed/30084394 http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S2053230X18006581 Text en © Blaum et al. 2018 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/uk/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/uk/
spellingShingle Topical Reviews
Blaum, Bärbel S.
Neu, Ursula
Peters, Thomas
Stehle, Thilo
Spin ballet for sweet encounters: saturation-transfer difference NMR and X-ray crystallography complement each other in the elucidation of protein–glycan interactions
title Spin ballet for sweet encounters: saturation-transfer difference NMR and X-ray crystallography complement each other in the elucidation of protein–glycan interactions
title_full Spin ballet for sweet encounters: saturation-transfer difference NMR and X-ray crystallography complement each other in the elucidation of protein–glycan interactions
title_fullStr Spin ballet for sweet encounters: saturation-transfer difference NMR and X-ray crystallography complement each other in the elucidation of protein–glycan interactions
title_full_unstemmed Spin ballet for sweet encounters: saturation-transfer difference NMR and X-ray crystallography complement each other in the elucidation of protein–glycan interactions
title_short Spin ballet for sweet encounters: saturation-transfer difference NMR and X-ray crystallography complement each other in the elucidation of protein–glycan interactions
title_sort spin ballet for sweet encounters: saturation-transfer difference nmr and x-ray crystallography complement each other in the elucidation of protein–glycan interactions
topic Topical Reviews
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6096479/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30084394
http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S2053230X18006581
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