Qualitative analysis of activated sludge using FT-IR technique

The ability to measure and control the composition of activated sludge is an important issue, aiming at evaluating the effectiveness of changes occurring in the sludge, what determines its usefulness to treat wastewater. In this research, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (FTIR–DRIFT) t...

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Autores principales: Kowalski, Michał, Kowalska, Katarzyna, Wiszniowski, Jarosław, Turek-Szytow, Jolanta
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer International Publishing 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6096666/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30147228
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11696-018-0514-7
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author Kowalski, Michał
Kowalska, Katarzyna
Wiszniowski, Jarosław
Turek-Szytow, Jolanta
author_facet Kowalski, Michał
Kowalska, Katarzyna
Wiszniowski, Jarosław
Turek-Szytow, Jolanta
author_sort Kowalski, Michał
collection PubMed
description The ability to measure and control the composition of activated sludge is an important issue, aiming at evaluating the effectiveness of changes occurring in the sludge, what determines its usefulness to treat wastewater. In this research, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (FTIR–DRIFT) technique was used, which relies on measuring the reflectance of the powdered substance’s surface layer and capturing spectra in range of infrared wave. First, spectra correlation table of the substances mostly occurring in wastewater was developed to assess the main components of the tested samples of activated sludge. The simplest compounds containing functional groups characteristic for particular chemical classes were chosen: peptides (peptone and albumin), fats (glycerin and fatty acids), carbohydrates (glucose and sucrose), nitrogen compounds (NaNO(3) and NH(4)SO(4)), sulfur compounds (Na(2)SO(4) and Na(2)S(2)O(3)), silicate, etc. The spectra of those substances were captured and characteristic absorption bands for respective bonds in the function groups were assigned. Second, samples of activated sludge from lab-scale membrane bioreactors (MBRs), which purifies petroleum wastewater, were taken. Samples were properly prepared (lyophilization and homogenization) and their spectra were captured. During spectra analysis, previously developed correlation table was used. In obtained spectra of activated sludge, absorption bonds characteristic for amides, peptides, carbohydrates, fats, and aliphatic was identified. The spectra profile of the sludge sample from MBR feed with petroleum wastewater was slightly different from the control MBR sample’s spectra. Intensity of bands in the area characteristic for aliphatic compounds and phenols was clearly higher. This study proves the usefulness of FT-IR technique to observe changes in the chemical composition of activated sludge.
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spelling pubmed-60966662018-08-24 Qualitative analysis of activated sludge using FT-IR technique Kowalski, Michał Kowalska, Katarzyna Wiszniowski, Jarosław Turek-Szytow, Jolanta Chem Zvesti Original Paper The ability to measure and control the composition of activated sludge is an important issue, aiming at evaluating the effectiveness of changes occurring in the sludge, what determines its usefulness to treat wastewater. In this research, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (FTIR–DRIFT) technique was used, which relies on measuring the reflectance of the powdered substance’s surface layer and capturing spectra in range of infrared wave. First, spectra correlation table of the substances mostly occurring in wastewater was developed to assess the main components of the tested samples of activated sludge. The simplest compounds containing functional groups characteristic for particular chemical classes were chosen: peptides (peptone and albumin), fats (glycerin and fatty acids), carbohydrates (glucose and sucrose), nitrogen compounds (NaNO(3) and NH(4)SO(4)), sulfur compounds (Na(2)SO(4) and Na(2)S(2)O(3)), silicate, etc. The spectra of those substances were captured and characteristic absorption bands for respective bonds in the function groups were assigned. Second, samples of activated sludge from lab-scale membrane bioreactors (MBRs), which purifies petroleum wastewater, were taken. Samples were properly prepared (lyophilization and homogenization) and their spectra were captured. During spectra analysis, previously developed correlation table was used. In obtained spectra of activated sludge, absorption bonds characteristic for amides, peptides, carbohydrates, fats, and aliphatic was identified. The spectra profile of the sludge sample from MBR feed with petroleum wastewater was slightly different from the control MBR sample’s spectra. Intensity of bands in the area characteristic for aliphatic compounds and phenols was clearly higher. This study proves the usefulness of FT-IR technique to observe changes in the chemical composition of activated sludge. Springer International Publishing 2018-06-09 2018 /pmc/articles/PMC6096666/ /pubmed/30147228 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11696-018-0514-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
spellingShingle Original Paper
Kowalski, Michał
Kowalska, Katarzyna
Wiszniowski, Jarosław
Turek-Szytow, Jolanta
Qualitative analysis of activated sludge using FT-IR technique
title Qualitative analysis of activated sludge using FT-IR technique
title_full Qualitative analysis of activated sludge using FT-IR technique
title_fullStr Qualitative analysis of activated sludge using FT-IR technique
title_full_unstemmed Qualitative analysis of activated sludge using FT-IR technique
title_short Qualitative analysis of activated sludge using FT-IR technique
title_sort qualitative analysis of activated sludge using ft-ir technique
topic Original Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6096666/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30147228
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11696-018-0514-7
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