Risk of Bacterial Transmission in Bronchiectasis Outpatient Clinics

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to discuss the risk of bacterial cross-infection for bronchiectasis patients in the outpatient setting. Cross-infection has primarily been a matter of concern in cystic fibrosis (CF). There is considerable evidence of transmission of pathogens between CF patients, and this has led to guideline recommendations advocating strict segregation policies. Guidelines in bronchiectasis do not specifically address the issue of cross-infection. If cross-infection is prevalent, it may have significant implications for patients and the practical running of specialist care. RECENT FINDINGS: Multiple UK-based studies have now published evidence of cross-infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa within cohorts of bronchiectasis patients; however, the risk does not appear to be high. There is also evidence suggesting cross-infection from CF patients to bronchiectasis patients. SUMMARY: The current evidence for cross-infection in bronchiectasis is limited, but suggests a small risk with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Longitudinal studies looking at Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other pathogens are now required.