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Effects of salivary thiocyanate levels on oral mucosa in young adult smokers: A biochemical and cytological study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cigarette smoking is one of the major global health issues. Accurate measurement of smoking is essential for accepting patterns of adolescent smoking behavior and for the evaluation of health education programs aimed at reducing or preventing the habit. The aim of the pres...

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Autores principales: Prakruthi, BV, Nandini, DB, Donoghue, Mandana, Praveen, S Basandi, Kumar, KP Mohan, Ashwini, R
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6097367/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30158773
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_49_17
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author Prakruthi, BV
Nandini, DB
Donoghue, Mandana
Praveen, S Basandi
Kumar, KP Mohan
Ashwini, R
author_facet Prakruthi, BV
Nandini, DB
Donoghue, Mandana
Praveen, S Basandi
Kumar, KP Mohan
Ashwini, R
author_sort Prakruthi, BV
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cigarette smoking is one of the major global health issues. Accurate measurement of smoking is essential for accepting patterns of adolescent smoking behavior and for the evaluation of health education programs aimed at reducing or preventing the habit. The aim of the present study was to estimate and compare the salivary thiocyanate levels in young adult smokers and nonsmokers and also to evaluate and correlate the cellular and nuclear changes in cytological smears with salivary thiocyanate levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included a total of 70 individuals in the age range of 18–25 years comprising of 35 smokers and 35 nonsmokers. A volume of 2 ml unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected by spitting method and were carried in a vaccine carrier with ice pack to the laboratory to avoid biochemical changes. Each sample was analyzed on the same day of collection by spectrophotometric method. In addition, cytosmears were prepared using Cytobrush(®) plus and stained with rapid Papanicolaou stain for cytological evaluation. RESULTS: Salivary thiocyanate levels were significantly higher in smokers than nonsmokers. When these levels were compared with pack-years, there was a progressive significant increase in salivary thiocyanate levels as the pack-years increased. Duration of habit showed no statistically significant effect on salivary thiocyanate levels. Cytological evaluation revealed increase in nuclear-cytoplasmic area ratio and number of micronuclei in smokers than nonsmokers. The correlation between salivary thiocyanate levels and cytological changes showed insignificant result. CONCLUSION: Salivary thiocyanate levels were significantly higher in smokers than controls and showed significant correlation with the number of pack years. Although the present study failed to reveal any significant correlation between salivary thiocyanate level and cytological alterations, few early alterations in the oral mucosa even in the absence of clinical manifestations were detected by exfoliative cytology. Salivary thiocyanate determination is a safe, inexpensive, noninvasive method to differentiate early smokers from nonsmokers.
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spelling pubmed-60973672018-08-29 Effects of salivary thiocyanate levels on oral mucosa in young adult smokers: A biochemical and cytological study Prakruthi, BV Nandini, DB Donoghue, Mandana Praveen, S Basandi Kumar, KP Mohan Ashwini, R J Oral Maxillofac Pathol Original Article BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cigarette smoking is one of the major global health issues. Accurate measurement of smoking is essential for accepting patterns of adolescent smoking behavior and for the evaluation of health education programs aimed at reducing or preventing the habit. The aim of the present study was to estimate and compare the salivary thiocyanate levels in young adult smokers and nonsmokers and also to evaluate and correlate the cellular and nuclear changes in cytological smears with salivary thiocyanate levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included a total of 70 individuals in the age range of 18–25 years comprising of 35 smokers and 35 nonsmokers. A volume of 2 ml unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected by spitting method and were carried in a vaccine carrier with ice pack to the laboratory to avoid biochemical changes. Each sample was analyzed on the same day of collection by spectrophotometric method. In addition, cytosmears were prepared using Cytobrush(®) plus and stained with rapid Papanicolaou stain for cytological evaluation. RESULTS: Salivary thiocyanate levels were significantly higher in smokers than nonsmokers. When these levels were compared with pack-years, there was a progressive significant increase in salivary thiocyanate levels as the pack-years increased. Duration of habit showed no statistically significant effect on salivary thiocyanate levels. Cytological evaluation revealed increase in nuclear-cytoplasmic area ratio and number of micronuclei in smokers than nonsmokers. The correlation between salivary thiocyanate levels and cytological changes showed insignificant result. CONCLUSION: Salivary thiocyanate levels were significantly higher in smokers than controls and showed significant correlation with the number of pack years. Although the present study failed to reveal any significant correlation between salivary thiocyanate level and cytological alterations, few early alterations in the oral mucosa even in the absence of clinical manifestations were detected by exfoliative cytology. Salivary thiocyanate determination is a safe, inexpensive, noninvasive method to differentiate early smokers from nonsmokers. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2018 /pmc/articles/PMC6097367/ /pubmed/30158773 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_49_17 Text en Copyright: © 2018 Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
spellingShingle Original Article
Prakruthi, BV
Nandini, DB
Donoghue, Mandana
Praveen, S Basandi
Kumar, KP Mohan
Ashwini, R
Effects of salivary thiocyanate levels on oral mucosa in young adult smokers: A biochemical and cytological study
title Effects of salivary thiocyanate levels on oral mucosa in young adult smokers: A biochemical and cytological study
title_full Effects of salivary thiocyanate levels on oral mucosa in young adult smokers: A biochemical and cytological study
title_fullStr Effects of salivary thiocyanate levels on oral mucosa in young adult smokers: A biochemical and cytological study
title_full_unstemmed Effects of salivary thiocyanate levels on oral mucosa in young adult smokers: A biochemical and cytological study
title_short Effects of salivary thiocyanate levels on oral mucosa in young adult smokers: A biochemical and cytological study
title_sort effects of salivary thiocyanate levels on oral mucosa in young adult smokers: a biochemical and cytological study
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6097367/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30158773
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_49_17
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