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Beyond simple tests of value: measuring addiction as a heterogeneous disease of computation-specific valuation processes

Addiction is considered to be a neurobiological disorder of learning and memory because addiction is capable of producing lasting changes in the brain. Recovering addicts chronically struggle with making poor decisions that ultimately lead to relapse, suggesting a view of addiction also as a neurobi...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Sweis, Brian M., Thomas, Mark J., Redish, A. David
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6097760/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30115772
http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/lm.047795.118
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author Sweis, Brian M.
Thomas, Mark J.
Redish, A. David
author_facet Sweis, Brian M.
Thomas, Mark J.
Redish, A. David
author_sort Sweis, Brian M.
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description Addiction is considered to be a neurobiological disorder of learning and memory because addiction is capable of producing lasting changes in the brain. Recovering addicts chronically struggle with making poor decisions that ultimately lead to relapse, suggesting a view of addiction also as a neurobiological disorder of decision-making information processing. How the brain makes decisions depends on how decision-making processes access information stored as memories in the brain. Advancements in circuit-dissection tools and recent theories in neuroeconomics suggest that neurally dissociable valuation processes access distinct memories differently, and thus are uniquely susceptible as the brain changes during addiction. If addiction is to be considered a neurobiological disorder of memory, and thus decision-making, the heterogeneity with which information is both stored and processed must be taken into account in addiction studies. Addiction etiology can vary widely from person to person. We propose that addiction is not a single disease, nor simply a disorder of learning and memory, but rather a collection of symptoms of heterogeneous neurobiological diseases of distinct circuit-computation-specific decision-making processes.
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spelling pubmed-60977602019-09-01 Beyond simple tests of value: measuring addiction as a heterogeneous disease of computation-specific valuation processes Sweis, Brian M. Thomas, Mark J. Redish, A. David Learn Mem Review Addiction is considered to be a neurobiological disorder of learning and memory because addiction is capable of producing lasting changes in the brain. Recovering addicts chronically struggle with making poor decisions that ultimately lead to relapse, suggesting a view of addiction also as a neurobiological disorder of decision-making information processing. How the brain makes decisions depends on how decision-making processes access information stored as memories in the brain. Advancements in circuit-dissection tools and recent theories in neuroeconomics suggest that neurally dissociable valuation processes access distinct memories differently, and thus are uniquely susceptible as the brain changes during addiction. If addiction is to be considered a neurobiological disorder of memory, and thus decision-making, the heterogeneity with which information is both stored and processed must be taken into account in addiction studies. Addiction etiology can vary widely from person to person. We propose that addiction is not a single disease, nor simply a disorder of learning and memory, but rather a collection of symptoms of heterogeneous neurobiological diseases of distinct circuit-computation-specific decision-making processes. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 2018-09 /pmc/articles/PMC6097760/ /pubmed/30115772 http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/lm.047795.118 Text en © 2018 Sweis et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the first 12 months after the full-issue publication date (see http://learnmem.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml). After 12 months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
spellingShingle Review
Sweis, Brian M.
Thomas, Mark J.
Redish, A. David
Beyond simple tests of value: measuring addiction as a heterogeneous disease of computation-specific valuation processes
title Beyond simple tests of value: measuring addiction as a heterogeneous disease of computation-specific valuation processes
title_full Beyond simple tests of value: measuring addiction as a heterogeneous disease of computation-specific valuation processes
title_fullStr Beyond simple tests of value: measuring addiction as a heterogeneous disease of computation-specific valuation processes
title_full_unstemmed Beyond simple tests of value: measuring addiction as a heterogeneous disease of computation-specific valuation processes
title_short Beyond simple tests of value: measuring addiction as a heterogeneous disease of computation-specific valuation processes
title_sort beyond simple tests of value: measuring addiction as a heterogeneous disease of computation-specific valuation processes
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6097760/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30115772
http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/lm.047795.118
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