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Influence of hydrolysis rate of urea on ruminal bacterial diversity level and cellulolytic bacteria abundance in vitro

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of urea hydrolysis rate on ruminal bacterial diversity level and cellulolytic bacteria abundance in vitro. To control urea hydrolysis rate, urea and urease inhibitor (acetohydroxamic acid, AHA) were supplemented to a 2 × 2 factorial design...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Wang, Pengpeng, Zhao, Shengguo, Nan, Xuemei, Jin, Di, Wang, Jiaqi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: PeerJ Inc. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6100864/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30128212
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5475
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author Wang, Pengpeng
Zhao, Shengguo
Nan, Xuemei
Jin, Di
Wang, Jiaqi
author_facet Wang, Pengpeng
Zhao, Shengguo
Nan, Xuemei
Jin, Di
Wang, Jiaqi
author_sort Wang, Pengpeng
collection PubMed
description The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of urea hydrolysis rate on ruminal bacterial diversity level and cellulolytic bacteria abundance in vitro. To control urea hydrolysis rate, urea and urease inhibitor (acetohydroxamic acid, AHA) were supplemented to a 2 × 2 factorial design, with urea supplemented at 0 or 20 g/kg dry matter (DM) of substrate, and AHA equivalent to 0 or 450 mg/kg DM of substrate. Ruminal fluid was collected from three Chinese Holstein dairy cows, fed a TMR, and incubated at 39 °C for 12 h after the addition of urea and AHA. Rumen fermentation parameters, which indicated the rate of ammonia formation (including ammonia-nitrogen (NH(3)-N) and urea-nitrogen concentrations, urease activity, and microbial crude protein) were measured by chemical analysis. Bacterial diversity was analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Total bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria abundance was detected by quantitative PCR. Results showed that AHA addition significantly decreased the rate of ammonia formation when urea was supplemented. Urea and AHA supplementation significantly increased the bacterial community diversity level according to the Shannon–Weiner index of 16S DGGE images. Furthermore, ruminal bacterial profiles were separated by ammonia release rate when urea was supplemented, according to the DGGE and hierarchical cluster analysis. Urea supplementation reduced the abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, such as Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefaciens, Fibrobacter succinogenes, and Butyrivibrio fibrosolvens, but inhibition of urea hydrolysis by AHA addition alleviated the reductions during the early period of incubation. In conclusion, slow release of ammonia induced by urease inhibitor influenced the ruminal bacterial diversity level and lessened the inhibition of total bacteria growth at the incubation of 12 h and F. succinogenes during the early period of incubation.
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spelling pubmed-61008642018-08-20 Influence of hydrolysis rate of urea on ruminal bacterial diversity level and cellulolytic bacteria abundance in vitro Wang, Pengpeng Zhao, Shengguo Nan, Xuemei Jin, Di Wang, Jiaqi PeerJ Agricultural Science The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of urea hydrolysis rate on ruminal bacterial diversity level and cellulolytic bacteria abundance in vitro. To control urea hydrolysis rate, urea and urease inhibitor (acetohydroxamic acid, AHA) were supplemented to a 2 × 2 factorial design, with urea supplemented at 0 or 20 g/kg dry matter (DM) of substrate, and AHA equivalent to 0 or 450 mg/kg DM of substrate. Ruminal fluid was collected from three Chinese Holstein dairy cows, fed a TMR, and incubated at 39 °C for 12 h after the addition of urea and AHA. Rumen fermentation parameters, which indicated the rate of ammonia formation (including ammonia-nitrogen (NH(3)-N) and urea-nitrogen concentrations, urease activity, and microbial crude protein) were measured by chemical analysis. Bacterial diversity was analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Total bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria abundance was detected by quantitative PCR. Results showed that AHA addition significantly decreased the rate of ammonia formation when urea was supplemented. Urea and AHA supplementation significantly increased the bacterial community diversity level according to the Shannon–Weiner index of 16S DGGE images. Furthermore, ruminal bacterial profiles were separated by ammonia release rate when urea was supplemented, according to the DGGE and hierarchical cluster analysis. Urea supplementation reduced the abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, such as Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefaciens, Fibrobacter succinogenes, and Butyrivibrio fibrosolvens, but inhibition of urea hydrolysis by AHA addition alleviated the reductions during the early period of incubation. In conclusion, slow release of ammonia induced by urease inhibitor influenced the ruminal bacterial diversity level and lessened the inhibition of total bacteria growth at the incubation of 12 h and F. succinogenes during the early period of incubation. PeerJ Inc. 2018-08-17 /pmc/articles/PMC6100864/ /pubmed/30128212 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5475 Text en © 2018 Wang et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
spellingShingle Agricultural Science
Wang, Pengpeng
Zhao, Shengguo
Nan, Xuemei
Jin, Di
Wang, Jiaqi
Influence of hydrolysis rate of urea on ruminal bacterial diversity level and cellulolytic bacteria abundance in vitro
title Influence of hydrolysis rate of urea on ruminal bacterial diversity level and cellulolytic bacteria abundance in vitro
title_full Influence of hydrolysis rate of urea on ruminal bacterial diversity level and cellulolytic bacteria abundance in vitro
title_fullStr Influence of hydrolysis rate of urea on ruminal bacterial diversity level and cellulolytic bacteria abundance in vitro
title_full_unstemmed Influence of hydrolysis rate of urea on ruminal bacterial diversity level and cellulolytic bacteria abundance in vitro
title_short Influence of hydrolysis rate of urea on ruminal bacterial diversity level and cellulolytic bacteria abundance in vitro
title_sort influence of hydrolysis rate of urea on ruminal bacterial diversity level and cellulolytic bacteria abundance in vitro
topic Agricultural Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6100864/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30128212
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5475
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