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Life history trade-offs and the partitioning of maternal investment: Implications for health of mothers and offspring
Lay Summary: This review sets out the hypothesis that life history trade-offs in the maternal generation favour the emergence of similar trade-offs in the offspring generation, mediated by the partitioning of maternal investment between pregnancy and lactation, and that these trade-offs help explain...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2018
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6101534/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30152817 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoy014 |
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author | Wells, Jonathan C K |
author_facet | Wells, Jonathan C K |
author_sort | Wells, Jonathan C K |
collection | PubMed |
description | Lay Summary: This review sets out the hypothesis that life history trade-offs in the maternal generation favour the emergence of similar trade-offs in the offspring generation, mediated by the partitioning of maternal investment between pregnancy and lactation, and that these trade-offs help explain widely reported associations between growth trajectories and NCD risk. Growth patterns in early life predict the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), but adaptive explanations remain controversial. It is widely assumed that NCDs occur either because of physiological adjustments to early constraints, or because early ecological cues fail to predict adult environmental conditions (mismatch). I present an inter-generational perspective on developmental plasticity, based on the over-arching hypothesis that a key axis of variability in maternal metabolism derives from life history trade-offs, which influence how individual mothers partition nutritional investment in their offspring between pregnancy and lactation. I review evidence for three resulting predictions: (i) Allocating relatively more energy to growth during development promotes the capacity to invest in offspring during pregnancy. Relevant mechanisms include greater fat-free mass and metabolic turnover, and a larger physical space for fetal growth. (ii) Allocating less energy to growth during development constrains fetal growth of the offspring, but mothers may compensate by a tendency to attain higher adiposity around puberty, ecological conditions permitting, which promotes nutritional investment during lactation. (iii) Since the partitioning of maternal investment between pregnancy and lactation impacts the allocation of energy to ‘maintenance’ as well as growth, it is expected to shape offspring NCD risk as well as adult size and body composition. Overall, this framework predicts that life history trade-offs in the maternal generation favour the emergence of similar trade-offs in the offspring generation, mediated by the partitioning of maternal investment between pregnancy and lactation, and that these trade-offs help explain widely reported associations between growth trajectories and NCD risk. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6101534 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-61015342018-08-27 Life history trade-offs and the partitioning of maternal investment: Implications for health of mothers and offspring Wells, Jonathan C K Evol Med Public Health Review Lay Summary: This review sets out the hypothesis that life history trade-offs in the maternal generation favour the emergence of similar trade-offs in the offspring generation, mediated by the partitioning of maternal investment between pregnancy and lactation, and that these trade-offs help explain widely reported associations between growth trajectories and NCD risk. Growth patterns in early life predict the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), but adaptive explanations remain controversial. It is widely assumed that NCDs occur either because of physiological adjustments to early constraints, or because early ecological cues fail to predict adult environmental conditions (mismatch). I present an inter-generational perspective on developmental plasticity, based on the over-arching hypothesis that a key axis of variability in maternal metabolism derives from life history trade-offs, which influence how individual mothers partition nutritional investment in their offspring between pregnancy and lactation. I review evidence for three resulting predictions: (i) Allocating relatively more energy to growth during development promotes the capacity to invest in offspring during pregnancy. Relevant mechanisms include greater fat-free mass and metabolic turnover, and a larger physical space for fetal growth. (ii) Allocating less energy to growth during development constrains fetal growth of the offspring, but mothers may compensate by a tendency to attain higher adiposity around puberty, ecological conditions permitting, which promotes nutritional investment during lactation. (iii) Since the partitioning of maternal investment between pregnancy and lactation impacts the allocation of energy to ‘maintenance’ as well as growth, it is expected to shape offspring NCD risk as well as adult size and body composition. Overall, this framework predicts that life history trade-offs in the maternal generation favour the emergence of similar trade-offs in the offspring generation, mediated by the partitioning of maternal investment between pregnancy and lactation, and that these trade-offs help explain widely reported associations between growth trajectories and NCD risk. Oxford University Press 2018-08-16 /pmc/articles/PMC6101534/ /pubmed/30152817 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoy014 Text en © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Foundation for Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Wells, Jonathan C K Life history trade-offs and the partitioning of maternal investment: Implications for health of mothers and offspring |
title | Life history trade-offs and the partitioning of maternal investment: Implications for health of mothers and offspring |
title_full | Life history trade-offs and the partitioning of maternal investment: Implications for health of mothers and offspring |
title_fullStr | Life history trade-offs and the partitioning of maternal investment: Implications for health of mothers and offspring |
title_full_unstemmed | Life history trade-offs and the partitioning of maternal investment: Implications for health of mothers and offspring |
title_short | Life history trade-offs and the partitioning of maternal investment: Implications for health of mothers and offspring |
title_sort | life history trade-offs and the partitioning of maternal investment: implications for health of mothers and offspring |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6101534/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30152817 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoy014 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT wellsjonathanck lifehistorytradeoffsandthepartitioningofmaternalinvestmentimplicationsforhealthofmothersandoffspring |