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Changes in the immune system – the key to diagnostics and therapy of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common pathologies of that organ. The development of the disease involves a variety of mechanisms, including insulin resistance, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, endotoxins from the intestinal flora and genetic predispositio...

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Autores principales: Kosmalski, Marcin, Mokros, Łukasz, Kuna, Piotr, Witusik, Andrzej, Pietras, Tadeusz
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Polish Society of Experimental and Clinical Immunology 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6102613/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30135638
http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/ceji.2018.77395
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author Kosmalski, Marcin
Mokros, Łukasz
Kuna, Piotr
Witusik, Andrzej
Pietras, Tadeusz
author_facet Kosmalski, Marcin
Mokros, Łukasz
Kuna, Piotr
Witusik, Andrzej
Pietras, Tadeusz
author_sort Kosmalski, Marcin
collection PubMed
description Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common pathologies of that organ. The development of the disease involves a variety of mechanisms, including insulin resistance, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, endotoxins from the intestinal flora and genetic predispositions. Additionally, clinical data suggest that the presence of NAFLD is associated with excessive activation of the immune system. For practical purposes, attention should be paid to the moment when the subjects predisposed to NAFLD develop inflammatory infiltration and signs of fibrosis in the liver (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis – NASH). Their presence is an important risk factor for hepatic cirrhosis, hepatic failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as for the occurrence of cardiovascular events. Regardless of the diagnostic methods used, including laboratory tests and imaging, liver biopsy remains the gold standard to identify and differentiate patients with NAFLD and NASH. The search for other, safer, cheaper and more readily available diagnostic tests is still being continued. Attention has been drawn to the usefulness of markers of immune status of the organism, not only for the diagnosis of NASH, but also for the identification of NAFLD patients at risk of disease progression. Despite the effectiveness of medication, no recommendations have been established for pharmacotherapy of NAFLD. Data indicate the primary need for non-pharmacological interventions to reduce body weight. However, there is evidence of the applicability of certain drugs and dietary supplements, which, by their effect on the immune system, inhibit its excessive activity, thus preventing the progression of NAFLD to NASH.
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spelling pubmed-61026132018-08-22 Changes in the immune system – the key to diagnostics and therapy of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Kosmalski, Marcin Mokros, Łukasz Kuna, Piotr Witusik, Andrzej Pietras, Tadeusz Cent Eur J Immunol Review Paper Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common pathologies of that organ. The development of the disease involves a variety of mechanisms, including insulin resistance, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, endotoxins from the intestinal flora and genetic predispositions. Additionally, clinical data suggest that the presence of NAFLD is associated with excessive activation of the immune system. For practical purposes, attention should be paid to the moment when the subjects predisposed to NAFLD develop inflammatory infiltration and signs of fibrosis in the liver (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis – NASH). Their presence is an important risk factor for hepatic cirrhosis, hepatic failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as for the occurrence of cardiovascular events. Regardless of the diagnostic methods used, including laboratory tests and imaging, liver biopsy remains the gold standard to identify and differentiate patients with NAFLD and NASH. The search for other, safer, cheaper and more readily available diagnostic tests is still being continued. Attention has been drawn to the usefulness of markers of immune status of the organism, not only for the diagnosis of NASH, but also for the identification of NAFLD patients at risk of disease progression. Despite the effectiveness of medication, no recommendations have been established for pharmacotherapy of NAFLD. Data indicate the primary need for non-pharmacological interventions to reduce body weight. However, there is evidence of the applicability of certain drugs and dietary supplements, which, by their effect on the immune system, inhibit its excessive activity, thus preventing the progression of NAFLD to NASH. Polish Society of Experimental and Clinical Immunology 2018-06-30 2018 /pmc/articles/PMC6102613/ /pubmed/30135638 http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/ceji.2018.77395 Text en Copyright: © 2018 Polish Society of Experimental and Clinical Immunology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
spellingShingle Review Paper
Kosmalski, Marcin
Mokros, Łukasz
Kuna, Piotr
Witusik, Andrzej
Pietras, Tadeusz
Changes in the immune system – the key to diagnostics and therapy of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
title Changes in the immune system – the key to diagnostics and therapy of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
title_full Changes in the immune system – the key to diagnostics and therapy of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
title_fullStr Changes in the immune system – the key to diagnostics and therapy of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
title_full_unstemmed Changes in the immune system – the key to diagnostics and therapy of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
title_short Changes in the immune system – the key to diagnostics and therapy of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
title_sort changes in the immune system – the key to diagnostics and therapy of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
topic Review Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6102613/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30135638
http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/ceji.2018.77395
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