In situ Multispecies Colonization of An Acrylic Resin: Comparison to Oral Microbiome and Potential for Inflammatory Response

BACKGROUND: Conventional acrylic resin is prone to microbial colonization and may cause inflammatory and allergic response. AIMS: This study aims to research the initial microbial adhesion in situ and tissue response to an acrylic resin used in prosthodontics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Disks of a commercial acrylic resin were prepared and included on the surface of individual intraoral splints fabricated for 50 participants. The splints were used for 4 h, under clinical conditions. Beforehand, each participant was swabbed to provide a control for microbiological comparison. A cytological control sample was also taken from the palate. After the time elapsed, each splint was removed and growth of anaerobes, aerobes, Pseudomonas, oral streptococci, staphylococci, yeasts, and Streptococcus mutans was determined by plate counts and compared to the oral microbiome. A cytological sample was taken from the contact zone, stained using the Papanicolaou technique, analyzed in light microscopy, and classified accordingly. Means and standard deviations were calculated, and a nonparametric Wilcoxon test was employed to compare experimental groups. The significance level was set at 0.05 (95% confidence interval, and statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. RESULTS: Nuclear-cytoplasm ratio increase was found in 84% of the smears retrieved from the contact zone. Over 60% showed nuclear alterations. With exception to yeasts and Pseudomonas, all microbial groups colonized the resin. No statistically significant differences were found between the oral microbiome and the acrylic resin's colonization except regarding yeasts (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Cellular alterations were found but a diagnosis of inflammation is inconclusive. Microbial adhesion to the acrylic resin was substantial, with multiple species adhering.