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First description of the life cycle of the jellyfish Rhizostoma luteum (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae)

Jellyfish blooms are a significant environmental problem that is increasing and may be influenced by anthropocentric practices such as overfishing, pollution, eutrophication, translocation, climate change, and ocean acidification. Many jellyfish have unknown life cycles leading to these blooms. We d...

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Autores principales: Kienberger, Karen, Riera-Buch, Marta, Schönemann, Alexandre M., Bartsch, Vanessa, Halbauer, Roland, Prieto, Laura
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6104977/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30133536
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202093
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author Kienberger, Karen
Riera-Buch, Marta
Schönemann, Alexandre M.
Bartsch, Vanessa
Halbauer, Roland
Prieto, Laura
author_facet Kienberger, Karen
Riera-Buch, Marta
Schönemann, Alexandre M.
Bartsch, Vanessa
Halbauer, Roland
Prieto, Laura
author_sort Kienberger, Karen
collection PubMed
description Jellyfish blooms are a significant environmental problem that is increasing and may be influenced by anthropocentric practices such as overfishing, pollution, eutrophication, translocation, climate change, and ocean acidification. Many jellyfish have unknown life cycles leading to these blooms. We describe for the first time, the life cycle of scyphozoan jellyfish Rhizostoma luteum from the planula to the young medusa stages, based on laboratory observations. We also provide a preliminary assessment of temperature related to life stages. Comparisons were made with early life history stages of its sibling species Rhizostoma pulmo and Rhizostoma octopus. The life cycle of R. luteum follows the general pattern of metagenesis of scyphozoans. Scyphistoma culture was maintained in filtered seawater at 17–17.5 °C, salinity 37 and light photoperiod (12:12 h light:dark). Scyphistomae were exposed to an experimental temperature descent for two days to test their survival capacity under severe winter conditions. Only one asexual reproduction mode was observed, which is employed for propagation, consisting of podocyst formation with excystment, subsequent development of scyphistoma, strobilation and liberation of viable ephyra. The development of the ephyra to metaephyra was photodocumented, reaching the metaephyra stage in approximately 21–25 days. Young medusae grow rapidly and maturity was reached after a 3-month post-liberation period with a mean bell diameter of 13.27 ± 2.26 cm and wet weight of 181.53 ± 53 g. The life cycle of R. luteum resembles that of its congeners, with the distinction that it has the unique features of being a brooding species (internal fertilisation with subsequent release of planulae) and under the conditions tested, the predominantly strobilation type observed was monodisc, and not polydisc as with the other two species in the genus Rhizostoma. As R. luteum shows sufficient requisite to form blooms if environmental circumstances change, it is important to understand its life cycle.
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spelling pubmed-61049772018-09-15 First description of the life cycle of the jellyfish Rhizostoma luteum (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae) Kienberger, Karen Riera-Buch, Marta Schönemann, Alexandre M. Bartsch, Vanessa Halbauer, Roland Prieto, Laura PLoS One Research Article Jellyfish blooms are a significant environmental problem that is increasing and may be influenced by anthropocentric practices such as overfishing, pollution, eutrophication, translocation, climate change, and ocean acidification. Many jellyfish have unknown life cycles leading to these blooms. We describe for the first time, the life cycle of scyphozoan jellyfish Rhizostoma luteum from the planula to the young medusa stages, based on laboratory observations. We also provide a preliminary assessment of temperature related to life stages. Comparisons were made with early life history stages of its sibling species Rhizostoma pulmo and Rhizostoma octopus. The life cycle of R. luteum follows the general pattern of metagenesis of scyphozoans. Scyphistoma culture was maintained in filtered seawater at 17–17.5 °C, salinity 37 and light photoperiod (12:12 h light:dark). Scyphistomae were exposed to an experimental temperature descent for two days to test their survival capacity under severe winter conditions. Only one asexual reproduction mode was observed, which is employed for propagation, consisting of podocyst formation with excystment, subsequent development of scyphistoma, strobilation and liberation of viable ephyra. The development of the ephyra to metaephyra was photodocumented, reaching the metaephyra stage in approximately 21–25 days. Young medusae grow rapidly and maturity was reached after a 3-month post-liberation period with a mean bell diameter of 13.27 ± 2.26 cm and wet weight of 181.53 ± 53 g. The life cycle of R. luteum resembles that of its congeners, with the distinction that it has the unique features of being a brooding species (internal fertilisation with subsequent release of planulae) and under the conditions tested, the predominantly strobilation type observed was monodisc, and not polydisc as with the other two species in the genus Rhizostoma. As R. luteum shows sufficient requisite to form blooms if environmental circumstances change, it is important to understand its life cycle. Public Library of Science 2018-08-22 /pmc/articles/PMC6104977/ /pubmed/30133536 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202093 Text en © 2018 Kienberger et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Kienberger, Karen
Riera-Buch, Marta
Schönemann, Alexandre M.
Bartsch, Vanessa
Halbauer, Roland
Prieto, Laura
First description of the life cycle of the jellyfish Rhizostoma luteum (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae)
title First description of the life cycle of the jellyfish Rhizostoma luteum (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae)
title_full First description of the life cycle of the jellyfish Rhizostoma luteum (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae)
title_fullStr First description of the life cycle of the jellyfish Rhizostoma luteum (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae)
title_full_unstemmed First description of the life cycle of the jellyfish Rhizostoma luteum (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae)
title_short First description of the life cycle of the jellyfish Rhizostoma luteum (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae)
title_sort first description of the life cycle of the jellyfish rhizostoma luteum (scyphozoa: rhizostomeae)
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6104977/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30133536
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202093
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