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Maternal Peripartum Serum DDT/E and Urinary Pyrethroid Metabolite Concentrations and Child Infections at 2 Years in the VHEMBE Birth Cohort

BACKGROUND: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) of insecticides, conducted in low- and middle-income countries to control malaria, may result in high exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), its breakdown product dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), or pyrethroids. Animal studies suggest in...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Huang, Jonathan, Eskenazi, Brenda, Bornman, Riana, Rauch, Stephen, Chevrier, Jonathan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Environmental Health Perspectives 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6108579/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29906263
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP2657
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author Huang, Jonathan
Eskenazi, Brenda
Bornman, Riana
Rauch, Stephen
Chevrier, Jonathan
author_facet Huang, Jonathan
Eskenazi, Brenda
Bornman, Riana
Rauch, Stephen
Chevrier, Jonathan
author_sort Huang, Jonathan
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) of insecticides, conducted in low- and middle-income countries to control malaria, may result in high exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), its breakdown product dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), or pyrethroids. Animal studies suggest in utero exposure to these chemicals may increase childhood infection frequency. OBJECTIVES: We investigated associations between maternal DDT/E and pyrethroid metabolite concentration and child infection associations in an IRS setting in which susceptibility factors are common and infections are leading causes of child morbidity and mortality. METHODS: Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, we measured serum DDT/E and urinary pyrethroid metabolite concentrations in peripartum samples from 674 women participating in the Venda Health Examination of Mother, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) study. Counts of persistent child fevers, otitis media, and severe sore throat between 1 and 2 y of age were ascertained from maternal interviews. Associations between DDT/E and pyrethroid metabolite concentrations and infections were estimated using zero-inflated Poisson regression. We estimated relative excess risks due to interaction (RERI) with poverty, maternal energy intake, and maternal HIV status. RESULTS: Concentrations of DDT/E, particularly p,p′-DDE, were associated with higher rates of persistent fevers [[Formula: see text] (95% CI: 1.01, 1.46)], for a 10-fold increase in p,p′-DDE). This association was stronger among children from households below versus above the South African food poverty line [[Formula: see text] (95% CI: 1.08, 1.59) vs. [Formula: see text] (95% CI: 0.69, 1.25), respectively] and for children whose mothers had insufficient versus sufficient caloric intake during pregnancy [[Formula: see text] (95% CI: 1.07, 1.58) vs. [Formula: see text] (95% CI: 0.72, 1.28), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: In utero IRS insecticide exposure may increase childhood infection rates. This was particularly apparent among children from poorer households or whose mothers had low energy intake during pregnancy. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2657
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spelling pubmed-61085792018-08-27 Maternal Peripartum Serum DDT/E and Urinary Pyrethroid Metabolite Concentrations and Child Infections at 2 Years in the VHEMBE Birth Cohort Huang, Jonathan Eskenazi, Brenda Bornman, Riana Rauch, Stephen Chevrier, Jonathan Environ Health Perspect Research BACKGROUND: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) of insecticides, conducted in low- and middle-income countries to control malaria, may result in high exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), its breakdown product dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), or pyrethroids. Animal studies suggest in utero exposure to these chemicals may increase childhood infection frequency. OBJECTIVES: We investigated associations between maternal DDT/E and pyrethroid metabolite concentration and child infection associations in an IRS setting in which susceptibility factors are common and infections are leading causes of child morbidity and mortality. METHODS: Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, we measured serum DDT/E and urinary pyrethroid metabolite concentrations in peripartum samples from 674 women participating in the Venda Health Examination of Mother, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) study. Counts of persistent child fevers, otitis media, and severe sore throat between 1 and 2 y of age were ascertained from maternal interviews. Associations between DDT/E and pyrethroid metabolite concentrations and infections were estimated using zero-inflated Poisson regression. We estimated relative excess risks due to interaction (RERI) with poverty, maternal energy intake, and maternal HIV status. RESULTS: Concentrations of DDT/E, particularly p,p′-DDE, were associated with higher rates of persistent fevers [[Formula: see text] (95% CI: 1.01, 1.46)], for a 10-fold increase in p,p′-DDE). This association was stronger among children from households below versus above the South African food poverty line [[Formula: see text] (95% CI: 1.08, 1.59) vs. [Formula: see text] (95% CI: 0.69, 1.25), respectively] and for children whose mothers had insufficient versus sufficient caloric intake during pregnancy [[Formula: see text] (95% CI: 1.07, 1.58) vs. [Formula: see text] (95% CI: 0.72, 1.28), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: In utero IRS insecticide exposure may increase childhood infection rates. This was particularly apparent among children from poorer households or whose mothers had low energy intake during pregnancy. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2657 Environmental Health Perspectives 2018-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC6108579/ /pubmed/29906263 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP2657 Text en EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted.
spellingShingle Research
Huang, Jonathan
Eskenazi, Brenda
Bornman, Riana
Rauch, Stephen
Chevrier, Jonathan
Maternal Peripartum Serum DDT/E and Urinary Pyrethroid Metabolite Concentrations and Child Infections at 2 Years in the VHEMBE Birth Cohort
title Maternal Peripartum Serum DDT/E and Urinary Pyrethroid Metabolite Concentrations and Child Infections at 2 Years in the VHEMBE Birth Cohort
title_full Maternal Peripartum Serum DDT/E and Urinary Pyrethroid Metabolite Concentrations and Child Infections at 2 Years in the VHEMBE Birth Cohort
title_fullStr Maternal Peripartum Serum DDT/E and Urinary Pyrethroid Metabolite Concentrations and Child Infections at 2 Years in the VHEMBE Birth Cohort
title_full_unstemmed Maternal Peripartum Serum DDT/E and Urinary Pyrethroid Metabolite Concentrations and Child Infections at 2 Years in the VHEMBE Birth Cohort
title_short Maternal Peripartum Serum DDT/E and Urinary Pyrethroid Metabolite Concentrations and Child Infections at 2 Years in the VHEMBE Birth Cohort
title_sort maternal peripartum serum ddt/e and urinary pyrethroid metabolite concentrations and child infections at 2 years in the vhembe birth cohort
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6108579/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29906263
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP2657
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