Generalized L-Shaped Nested Array Concept Based on the Fourth-Order Difference Co-Array

In this paper, a generalized L-shaped nested array based on the fourth-order difference co-array is proposed for two-dimensional (2D) directions’ estimation. The new structure framework makes full use of the physical sensor locations to form a virtual uniform rectangular array (URA) as large as possible. As it utilizes the fourth-order difference instead of the traditional second-order difference result, this structure framework can acquire a much higher degree-of-freedom (DOF) than the existing 2D sparse arrays. The proposed structures have two advantages. One is that the subarrays can be chosen as any nested-class arrays, which makes the sparse array design more flexible. We can choose arbitrary subarray structures for DOF enhancement purposes. Another advantage is that the relative position of two subarrays can be set as any integral multiple of half wavelength. This means that two subarrays can be located as far as possible so that the relative influence between two physical subarrays can be ignored. The DOFs of several typical generalized L-shaped nested arrays (GLNAs) are compared in this paper. By setting the subarrays as different types and the relative position as a special value, a special GLNA is presented. Simulations show that GLNAs have obvious superiority in 2D direction-of-arrival estimation.