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Impact of Obesity and Hyperglycemia on Placental Mitochondria

A lipotoxic placental environment is recognized in maternal obesity, with increased inflammation and oxidative stress. These changes might alter mitochondrial function, with excessive production of reactive oxygen species, in a vicious cycle leading to placental dysfunction and impaired pregnancy ou...

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Autores principales: Mandò, Chiara, Anelli, Gaia Maria, Novielli, Chiara, Panina-Bordignon, Paola, Massari, Maddalena, Mazzocco, Martina Ilaria, Cetin, Irene
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6112210/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30186542
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2378189
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author Mandò, Chiara
Anelli, Gaia Maria
Novielli, Chiara
Panina-Bordignon, Paola
Massari, Maddalena
Mazzocco, Martina Ilaria
Cetin, Irene
author_facet Mandò, Chiara
Anelli, Gaia Maria
Novielli, Chiara
Panina-Bordignon, Paola
Massari, Maddalena
Mazzocco, Martina Ilaria
Cetin, Irene
author_sort Mandò, Chiara
collection PubMed
description A lipotoxic placental environment is recognized in maternal obesity, with increased inflammation and oxidative stress. These changes might alter mitochondrial function, with excessive production of reactive oxygen species, in a vicious cycle leading to placental dysfunction and impaired pregnancy outcomes. Here, we hypothesize that maternal pregestational body mass index (BMI) and glycemic levels can alter placental mitochondria. We measured mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA, real-time PCR) and morphology (electron microscopy) in placentas of forty-seven singleton pregnancies at elective cesarean section. Thirty-seven women were normoglycemic: twenty-one normal-weight women, NW, and sixteen obese women, OB/GDM(−). Ten obese women had gestational diabetes mellitus, OB/GDM(+). OB/GDM(−) presented higher mtDNA levels versus NW, suggesting increased mitochondrial biogenesis in the normoglycemic obese group. These mitochondria showed similar morphology to NW. On the contrary, in OB/GDM(+), mtDNA was not significantly increased versus NW. Nevertheless, mitochondria showed morphological abnormalities, indicating impaired functionality. The metabolic response of the placenta to impairment in obese pregnancies can possibly vary depending on several parameters, resulting in opposite strains acting when insulin resistance of GDM occurs in the obese environment, characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, mitochondrial alterations represent a feature of obese pregnancies with changes in placental energetics that possibly can affect pregnancy outcomes.
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spelling pubmed-61122102018-09-05 Impact of Obesity and Hyperglycemia on Placental Mitochondria Mandò, Chiara Anelli, Gaia Maria Novielli, Chiara Panina-Bordignon, Paola Massari, Maddalena Mazzocco, Martina Ilaria Cetin, Irene Oxid Med Cell Longev Research Article A lipotoxic placental environment is recognized in maternal obesity, with increased inflammation and oxidative stress. These changes might alter mitochondrial function, with excessive production of reactive oxygen species, in a vicious cycle leading to placental dysfunction and impaired pregnancy outcomes. Here, we hypothesize that maternal pregestational body mass index (BMI) and glycemic levels can alter placental mitochondria. We measured mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA, real-time PCR) and morphology (electron microscopy) in placentas of forty-seven singleton pregnancies at elective cesarean section. Thirty-seven women were normoglycemic: twenty-one normal-weight women, NW, and sixteen obese women, OB/GDM(−). Ten obese women had gestational diabetes mellitus, OB/GDM(+). OB/GDM(−) presented higher mtDNA levels versus NW, suggesting increased mitochondrial biogenesis in the normoglycemic obese group. These mitochondria showed similar morphology to NW. On the contrary, in OB/GDM(+), mtDNA was not significantly increased versus NW. Nevertheless, mitochondria showed morphological abnormalities, indicating impaired functionality. The metabolic response of the placenta to impairment in obese pregnancies can possibly vary depending on several parameters, resulting in opposite strains acting when insulin resistance of GDM occurs in the obese environment, characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, mitochondrial alterations represent a feature of obese pregnancies with changes in placental energetics that possibly can affect pregnancy outcomes. Hindawi 2018-08-14 /pmc/articles/PMC6112210/ /pubmed/30186542 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2378189 Text en Copyright © 2018 Chiara Mandò et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Mandò, Chiara
Anelli, Gaia Maria
Novielli, Chiara
Panina-Bordignon, Paola
Massari, Maddalena
Mazzocco, Martina Ilaria
Cetin, Irene
Impact of Obesity and Hyperglycemia on Placental Mitochondria
title Impact of Obesity and Hyperglycemia on Placental Mitochondria
title_full Impact of Obesity and Hyperglycemia on Placental Mitochondria
title_fullStr Impact of Obesity and Hyperglycemia on Placental Mitochondria
title_full_unstemmed Impact of Obesity and Hyperglycemia on Placental Mitochondria
title_short Impact of Obesity and Hyperglycemia on Placental Mitochondria
title_sort impact of obesity and hyperglycemia on placental mitochondria
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6112210/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30186542
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2378189
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