A new meroterpenoid functions as an anti-tumor agent in hepatoma cells by downregulating mTOR activation and inhibiting EMT

Liver cancer, also known as primary liver cancer, is cancer that starts in the liver. JNU-144, a new meroterpenoid purified from Lithospermum erythrorhizon, has exhibited promising anticancer activity; however, the molecular mechanisms of action of JNU-144 on malignant cells remain unclear. Our studies revealed that JNU-144 suppressed cell viability and proliferation in hepatoma cells by downregulating mTOR activation. Meanwhile, JNU-144 activated the intrinsic apoptosis pathway and subsequently triggered apoptotic cell death in SMMC-7721 cells. We also found that JNU-144 inhibited the epithelial–mesenchymal transition in both SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells through reprogramming of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene expression or regulating protein instability. These findings indicate that JNU-144 exerts potent anticancer activity in hepatoma cells and may be developed as a potential therapeutic drug.