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Individual differences in valence bias: fMRI evidence of the initial negativity hypothesis

Facial expressions offer an ecologically valid model for examining individual differences in affective decision-making. They convey an emotional signal from a social agent and provide important predictive information about one’s environment (presence of potential rewards or threats). Although some e...

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Autores principales: Petro, Nathan M, Tong, Tien T, Henley, Daniel J, Neta, Maital
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6121148/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29931375
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsy049
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author Petro, Nathan M
Tong, Tien T
Henley, Daniel J
Neta, Maital
author_facet Petro, Nathan M
Tong, Tien T
Henley, Daniel J
Neta, Maital
author_sort Petro, Nathan M
collection PubMed
description Facial expressions offer an ecologically valid model for examining individual differences in affective decision-making. They convey an emotional signal from a social agent and provide important predictive information about one’s environment (presence of potential rewards or threats). Although some expressions provide clear predictive information (angry, happy), others (surprised) are ambiguous in that they predict both positive and negative outcomes. Thus, surprised faces can delineate an individual’s valence bias, or the tendency to interpret ambiguity as positive or negative. Our initial negativity hypothesis suggests that the initial response to ambiguity is negative, and that positivity relies on emotion regulation. We tested this hypothesis by comparing brain activity during explicit emotion regulation (reappraisal) and while freely viewing facial expressions, and measuring the relationship between brain activity and valence bias. Brain regions recruited during reappraisal showed greater activity for surprise in individuals with an increasingly positive valence bias. Additionally, we linked amygdala activity with an initial negativity, revealing a pattern similarity in individuals with negative bias between viewing surprised faces and maintaining negativity. Finally, these individuals failed to show normal habituation to clear negativity. These results support the initial negativity hypothesis, and are consistent with emotion research in both children and adult populations.
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spelling pubmed-61211482018-09-06 Individual differences in valence bias: fMRI evidence of the initial negativity hypothesis Petro, Nathan M Tong, Tien T Henley, Daniel J Neta, Maital Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci Original Article Facial expressions offer an ecologically valid model for examining individual differences in affective decision-making. They convey an emotional signal from a social agent and provide important predictive information about one’s environment (presence of potential rewards or threats). Although some expressions provide clear predictive information (angry, happy), others (surprised) are ambiguous in that they predict both positive and negative outcomes. Thus, surprised faces can delineate an individual’s valence bias, or the tendency to interpret ambiguity as positive or negative. Our initial negativity hypothesis suggests that the initial response to ambiguity is negative, and that positivity relies on emotion regulation. We tested this hypothesis by comparing brain activity during explicit emotion regulation (reappraisal) and while freely viewing facial expressions, and measuring the relationship between brain activity and valence bias. Brain regions recruited during reappraisal showed greater activity for surprise in individuals with an increasingly positive valence bias. Additionally, we linked amygdala activity with an initial negativity, revealing a pattern similarity in individuals with negative bias between viewing surprised faces and maintaining negativity. Finally, these individuals failed to show normal habituation to clear negativity. These results support the initial negativity hypothesis, and are consistent with emotion research in both children and adult populations. Oxford University Press 2018-06-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6121148/ /pubmed/29931375 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsy049 Text en © The Author(s) (2018). Published by Oxford University Press. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Original Article
Petro, Nathan M
Tong, Tien T
Henley, Daniel J
Neta, Maital
Individual differences in valence bias: fMRI evidence of the initial negativity hypothesis
title Individual differences in valence bias: fMRI evidence of the initial negativity hypothesis
title_full Individual differences in valence bias: fMRI evidence of the initial negativity hypothesis
title_fullStr Individual differences in valence bias: fMRI evidence of the initial negativity hypothesis
title_full_unstemmed Individual differences in valence bias: fMRI evidence of the initial negativity hypothesis
title_short Individual differences in valence bias: fMRI evidence of the initial negativity hypothesis
title_sort individual differences in valence bias: fmri evidence of the initial negativity hypothesis
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6121148/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29931375
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsy049
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