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Decomposing parasite fitness reveals the basis of specialization in a two‐host, two‐parasite system
The ecological specialization of parasites–whether they can obtain high fitness on very few or very many different host species–is a determining feature of their ecology. In order to properly assess specialization, it is imperative to measure parasite fitness across host species; to understand its o...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6121826/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30283690 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evl3.65 |
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author | Lievens, Eva J. P. Perreau, Julie Agnew, Philip Michalakis, Yannis Lenormand, Thomas |
author_facet | Lievens, Eva J. P. Perreau, Julie Agnew, Philip Michalakis, Yannis Lenormand, Thomas |
author_sort | Lievens, Eva J. P. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The ecological specialization of parasites–whether they can obtain high fitness on very few or very many different host species–is a determining feature of their ecology. In order to properly assess specialization, it is imperative to measure parasite fitness across host species; to understand its origins, fitness must be decomposed into the underlying traits. Despite the omnipresence of parasites with multiple hosts, very few studies assess and decompose their specialization in this way. To bridge this gap, we quantified the infectivity, virulence, and transmission rate of two parasites, the horizontally transmitted microsporidians Anostracospora rigaudi and Enterocytospora artemiae, in their natural hosts, the brine shrimp Artemia parthenogenetica and Artemia franciscana. Our results demonstrate that each parasite performs well on one of the two host species (A. rigaudi on A. parthenogenetica, and E. artemiae on A. franciscana), and poorly on the other. This partial specialization is driven by high infectivity and transmission rates in the preferred host, and is associated with maladaptive virulence and large costs of resistance in the other. Our study represents a rare empirical contribution to the study of parasite evolution in multihost systems, highlighting the negative effects of under‐ and overexploitation when adapting to multiple hosts. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6121826 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-61218262018-10-03 Decomposing parasite fitness reveals the basis of specialization in a two‐host, two‐parasite system Lievens, Eva J. P. Perreau, Julie Agnew, Philip Michalakis, Yannis Lenormand, Thomas Evol Lett Letters The ecological specialization of parasites–whether they can obtain high fitness on very few or very many different host species–is a determining feature of their ecology. In order to properly assess specialization, it is imperative to measure parasite fitness across host species; to understand its origins, fitness must be decomposed into the underlying traits. Despite the omnipresence of parasites with multiple hosts, very few studies assess and decompose their specialization in this way. To bridge this gap, we quantified the infectivity, virulence, and transmission rate of two parasites, the horizontally transmitted microsporidians Anostracospora rigaudi and Enterocytospora artemiae, in their natural hosts, the brine shrimp Artemia parthenogenetica and Artemia franciscana. Our results demonstrate that each parasite performs well on one of the two host species (A. rigaudi on A. parthenogenetica, and E. artemiae on A. franciscana), and poorly on the other. This partial specialization is driven by high infectivity and transmission rates in the preferred host, and is associated with maladaptive virulence and large costs of resistance in the other. Our study represents a rare empirical contribution to the study of parasite evolution in multihost systems, highlighting the negative effects of under‐ and overexploitation when adapting to multiple hosts. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2018-07-11 /pmc/articles/PMC6121826/ /pubmed/30283690 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evl3.65 Text en © 2018 The Author(s). Evolution Letters published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society for the Study of Evolution (SSE) and European Society for Evolutionary Biology (ESEB). This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Letters Lievens, Eva J. P. Perreau, Julie Agnew, Philip Michalakis, Yannis Lenormand, Thomas Decomposing parasite fitness reveals the basis of specialization in a two‐host, two‐parasite system |
title | Decomposing parasite fitness reveals the basis of specialization in a two‐host, two‐parasite system |
title_full | Decomposing parasite fitness reveals the basis of specialization in a two‐host, two‐parasite system |
title_fullStr | Decomposing parasite fitness reveals the basis of specialization in a two‐host, two‐parasite system |
title_full_unstemmed | Decomposing parasite fitness reveals the basis of specialization in a two‐host, two‐parasite system |
title_short | Decomposing parasite fitness reveals the basis of specialization in a two‐host, two‐parasite system |
title_sort | decomposing parasite fitness reveals the basis of specialization in a two‐host, two‐parasite system |
topic | Letters |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6121826/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30283690 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evl3.65 |
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