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Plasticity of Spine Structure: Local Signaling, Translation and Cytoskeletal Reorganization
Dendritic spines are small protrusive structures on dendritic surfaces, and function as postsynaptic compartments for excitatory synapses. Plasticity of spine structure is associated with many forms of long-term neuronal plasticity, learning and memory. Inside these small dendritic compartments, bio...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2018
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6123351/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30210329 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00029 |
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author | Nakahata, Yoshihisa Yasuda, Ryohei |
author_facet | Nakahata, Yoshihisa Yasuda, Ryohei |
author_sort | Nakahata, Yoshihisa |
collection | PubMed |
description | Dendritic spines are small protrusive structures on dendritic surfaces, and function as postsynaptic compartments for excitatory synapses. Plasticity of spine structure is associated with many forms of long-term neuronal plasticity, learning and memory. Inside these small dendritic compartments, biochemical states and protein-protein interactions are dynamically modulated by synaptic activity, leading to the regulation of protein synthesis and reorganization of cytoskeletal architecture. This in turn causes plasticity of structure and function of the spine. Technical advances in monitoring molecular behaviors in single dendritic spines have revealed that each signaling pathway is differently regulated across multiple spatiotemporal domains. The spatial pattern of signaling activity expands from a single spine to the nearby dendritic area, dendritic branch and the nucleus, regulating different cellular events at each spatial scale. Temporally, biochemical events are typically triggered by short Ca(2+) pulses (~10–100 ms). However, these signals can then trigger activation of downstream protein cascades that can last from milliseconds to hours. Recent imaging studies provide many insights into the biochemical processes governing signaling events of molecular assemblies at different spatial localizations. Here, we highlight recent findings of signaling dynamics during synaptic plasticity and discuss their roles in long-term structural plasticity of dendritic spines. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6123351 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-61233512018-09-12 Plasticity of Spine Structure: Local Signaling, Translation and Cytoskeletal Reorganization Nakahata, Yoshihisa Yasuda, Ryohei Front Synaptic Neurosci Neuroscience Dendritic spines are small protrusive structures on dendritic surfaces, and function as postsynaptic compartments for excitatory synapses. Plasticity of spine structure is associated with many forms of long-term neuronal plasticity, learning and memory. Inside these small dendritic compartments, biochemical states and protein-protein interactions are dynamically modulated by synaptic activity, leading to the regulation of protein synthesis and reorganization of cytoskeletal architecture. This in turn causes plasticity of structure and function of the spine. Technical advances in monitoring molecular behaviors in single dendritic spines have revealed that each signaling pathway is differently regulated across multiple spatiotemporal domains. The spatial pattern of signaling activity expands from a single spine to the nearby dendritic area, dendritic branch and the nucleus, regulating different cellular events at each spatial scale. Temporally, biochemical events are typically triggered by short Ca(2+) pulses (~10–100 ms). However, these signals can then trigger activation of downstream protein cascades that can last from milliseconds to hours. Recent imaging studies provide many insights into the biochemical processes governing signaling events of molecular assemblies at different spatial localizations. Here, we highlight recent findings of signaling dynamics during synaptic plasticity and discuss their roles in long-term structural plasticity of dendritic spines. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-08-29 /pmc/articles/PMC6123351/ /pubmed/30210329 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00029 Text en Copyright © 2018 Nakahata and Yasuda. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Nakahata, Yoshihisa Yasuda, Ryohei Plasticity of Spine Structure: Local Signaling, Translation and Cytoskeletal Reorganization |
title | Plasticity of Spine Structure: Local Signaling, Translation and Cytoskeletal Reorganization |
title_full | Plasticity of Spine Structure: Local Signaling, Translation and Cytoskeletal Reorganization |
title_fullStr | Plasticity of Spine Structure: Local Signaling, Translation and Cytoskeletal Reorganization |
title_full_unstemmed | Plasticity of Spine Structure: Local Signaling, Translation and Cytoskeletal Reorganization |
title_short | Plasticity of Spine Structure: Local Signaling, Translation and Cytoskeletal Reorganization |
title_sort | plasticity of spine structure: local signaling, translation and cytoskeletal reorganization |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6123351/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30210329 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00029 |
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