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Significance of Glioma Stem-Like Cells in the Tumor Periphery That Express High Levels of CD44 in Tumor Invasion, Early Progression, and Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant brain tumor and a subpopulation of glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) is likely responsible for the invariable recurrence following maximum resection and chemoradiotherapy. As most GSCs that are located in the perivascular and perinecrotic ni...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6126065/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30210550 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5387041 |
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author | Nishikawa, Masahiro Inoue, Akihiro Ohnishi, Takanori Kohno, Shohei Ohue, Shiro Matsumoto, Shirabe Suehiro, Satoshi Yamashita, Daisuke Ozaki, Saya Watanabe, Hideaki Yano, Hajime Takahashi, Hisaaki Kitazawa, Riko Tanaka, Junya Kunieda, Takeharu |
author_facet | Nishikawa, Masahiro Inoue, Akihiro Ohnishi, Takanori Kohno, Shohei Ohue, Shiro Matsumoto, Shirabe Suehiro, Satoshi Yamashita, Daisuke Ozaki, Saya Watanabe, Hideaki Yano, Hajime Takahashi, Hisaaki Kitazawa, Riko Tanaka, Junya Kunieda, Takeharu |
author_sort | Nishikawa, Masahiro |
collection | PubMed |
description | Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant brain tumor and a subpopulation of glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) is likely responsible for the invariable recurrence following maximum resection and chemoradiotherapy. As most GSCs that are located in the perivascular and perinecrotic niches should be removed during tumor resection, it is very important to know where surviving GSCs are localized. Here, we investigated the existence and functions of GSCs in the tumor periphery, which is considered to constitute the invasion niche for GSCs in GBM, by analyzing expression of stem cell markers and stem cell-related molecules and measuring particular activities of cultured GSCs. In addition, the relationship between GSCs expressing particular stem cell markers and pathological features on MRI and prognosis in GBM patients was analyzed. We showed that GSCs that express high levels of CD44 are present in the tumor periphery. We also found that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is characteristically expressed at a high level in the tumor periphery. Cultured GSCs obtained from the tumor periphery were highly invasive and have enhanced migration phenotype, both of which were markedly inhibited by CD44 knockdown. Higher expression of CD44 in the tumor periphery than in the core was correlated with a highly invasive feature on MRI and was associated with early tumor progression and worse survival, whereas lower expression of CD44 in the tumor periphery corresponded to low invasion and was associated with longer survival. The low invasion type on MRI tended to show high levels of VEGF expression in the tumor periphery, thus presenting the tumor with high proliferative activity. These results imply the significance of GSCs with high levels of CD44 expression in the tumor periphery compared to the core, not only in tumor invasion but also rapid tumor progression and short survival in patients with GBM. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6126065 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-61260652018-09-12 Significance of Glioma Stem-Like Cells in the Tumor Periphery That Express High Levels of CD44 in Tumor Invasion, Early Progression, and Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma Nishikawa, Masahiro Inoue, Akihiro Ohnishi, Takanori Kohno, Shohei Ohue, Shiro Matsumoto, Shirabe Suehiro, Satoshi Yamashita, Daisuke Ozaki, Saya Watanabe, Hideaki Yano, Hajime Takahashi, Hisaaki Kitazawa, Riko Tanaka, Junya Kunieda, Takeharu Stem Cells Int Research Article Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant brain tumor and a subpopulation of glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) is likely responsible for the invariable recurrence following maximum resection and chemoradiotherapy. As most GSCs that are located in the perivascular and perinecrotic niches should be removed during tumor resection, it is very important to know where surviving GSCs are localized. Here, we investigated the existence and functions of GSCs in the tumor periphery, which is considered to constitute the invasion niche for GSCs in GBM, by analyzing expression of stem cell markers and stem cell-related molecules and measuring particular activities of cultured GSCs. In addition, the relationship between GSCs expressing particular stem cell markers and pathological features on MRI and prognosis in GBM patients was analyzed. We showed that GSCs that express high levels of CD44 are present in the tumor periphery. We also found that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is characteristically expressed at a high level in the tumor periphery. Cultured GSCs obtained from the tumor periphery were highly invasive and have enhanced migration phenotype, both of which were markedly inhibited by CD44 knockdown. Higher expression of CD44 in the tumor periphery than in the core was correlated with a highly invasive feature on MRI and was associated with early tumor progression and worse survival, whereas lower expression of CD44 in the tumor periphery corresponded to low invasion and was associated with longer survival. The low invasion type on MRI tended to show high levels of VEGF expression in the tumor periphery, thus presenting the tumor with high proliferative activity. These results imply the significance of GSCs with high levels of CD44 expression in the tumor periphery compared to the core, not only in tumor invasion but also rapid tumor progression and short survival in patients with GBM. Hindawi 2018-08-23 /pmc/articles/PMC6126065/ /pubmed/30210550 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5387041 Text en Copyright © 2018 Masahiro Nishikawa et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Nishikawa, Masahiro Inoue, Akihiro Ohnishi, Takanori Kohno, Shohei Ohue, Shiro Matsumoto, Shirabe Suehiro, Satoshi Yamashita, Daisuke Ozaki, Saya Watanabe, Hideaki Yano, Hajime Takahashi, Hisaaki Kitazawa, Riko Tanaka, Junya Kunieda, Takeharu Significance of Glioma Stem-Like Cells in the Tumor Periphery That Express High Levels of CD44 in Tumor Invasion, Early Progression, and Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma |
title | Significance of Glioma Stem-Like Cells in the Tumor Periphery That Express High Levels of CD44 in Tumor Invasion, Early Progression, and Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma |
title_full | Significance of Glioma Stem-Like Cells in the Tumor Periphery That Express High Levels of CD44 in Tumor Invasion, Early Progression, and Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma |
title_fullStr | Significance of Glioma Stem-Like Cells in the Tumor Periphery That Express High Levels of CD44 in Tumor Invasion, Early Progression, and Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma |
title_full_unstemmed | Significance of Glioma Stem-Like Cells in the Tumor Periphery That Express High Levels of CD44 in Tumor Invasion, Early Progression, and Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma |
title_short | Significance of Glioma Stem-Like Cells in the Tumor Periphery That Express High Levels of CD44 in Tumor Invasion, Early Progression, and Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma |
title_sort | significance of glioma stem-like cells in the tumor periphery that express high levels of cd44 in tumor invasion, early progression, and poor prognosis in glioblastoma |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6126065/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30210550 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5387041 |
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