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Total Usual Nutrient Intakes of US Children (Under 48 Months): Findings from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016
BACKGROUND: The US Dietary Guidelines will expand in 2020 to include infants and toddlers. Understanding current dietary intakes is critical to inform policy. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this analysis was to examine the usual total nutrient intakes from diet and supplements among US children. METHODS:...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6126633/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29878255 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy042 |
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author | Bailey, Regan L Catellier, Diane J Jun, Shinyoung Dwyer, Johanna T Jacquier, Emma F Anater, Andrea S Eldridge, Alison L |
author_facet | Bailey, Regan L Catellier, Diane J Jun, Shinyoung Dwyer, Johanna T Jacquier, Emma F Anater, Andrea S Eldridge, Alison L |
author_sort | Bailey, Regan L |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The US Dietary Guidelines will expand in 2020 to include infants and toddlers. Understanding current dietary intakes is critical to inform policy. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this analysis was to examine the usual total nutrient intakes from diet and supplements among US children. METHODS: The Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study 2016 is a national cross-sectional study of children aged <48 mo (n = 3235): younger infants (birth to 5.9 mo), older infants (6–11.9 mo), toddlers (12–23.9 mo), younger preschoolers (24–36.9 mo), and older preschoolers (36–47.9 mo) based on the use of a 24-h dietary recall. A second 24-h recall was collected from a representative subsample (n = 799). Energy, total nutrient intake distributions, and compliance with Dietary Reference Intakes were estimated with the use of the National Cancer Institute method. RESULTS: Dietary supplement use was 15–23% among infants and toddlers and 35–45% among preschoolers. Dietary intakes of infants were adequate, with mean intakes exceeding Adequate Intake for all nutrients except vitamins D and E. Iron intakes fell below the Estimated Average Requirement for older infants (18%). We found that 31–33% of children aged 12–47.9 mo had low percentage of energy from total fat, and >60% of children aged 24–47.9 mo exceeded the saturated fat guidelines. The likelihood of nutrient inadequacy for many nutrients was higher for toddlers: 3.2% and 2.5% greater than the Adequate Intake for fiber and potassium and 76% and 52% less than the Estimated Average Requirement for vitamins D and E, respectively. These patterns continued through older ages. Intakes exceeded the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of sodium, retinol, and zinc across most age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary intakes of US infants are largely nutritionally adequate; concern exists over iron intakes in those aged 6–11.9 mo. For toddlers and preschoolers, high intake of sodium and low intakes of potassium, fiber, and vitamin D and, for preschoolers, excess saturated fat are of concern. Excess retinol, zinc, and folic acid was noted across most ages, especially among supplement users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6126633 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-61266332018-09-11 Total Usual Nutrient Intakes of US Children (Under 48 Months): Findings from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016 Bailey, Regan L Catellier, Diane J Jun, Shinyoung Dwyer, Johanna T Jacquier, Emma F Anater, Andrea S Eldridge, Alison L J Nutr Supplement: Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016 BACKGROUND: The US Dietary Guidelines will expand in 2020 to include infants and toddlers. Understanding current dietary intakes is critical to inform policy. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this analysis was to examine the usual total nutrient intakes from diet and supplements among US children. METHODS: The Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study 2016 is a national cross-sectional study of children aged <48 mo (n = 3235): younger infants (birth to 5.9 mo), older infants (6–11.9 mo), toddlers (12–23.9 mo), younger preschoolers (24–36.9 mo), and older preschoolers (36–47.9 mo) based on the use of a 24-h dietary recall. A second 24-h recall was collected from a representative subsample (n = 799). Energy, total nutrient intake distributions, and compliance with Dietary Reference Intakes were estimated with the use of the National Cancer Institute method. RESULTS: Dietary supplement use was 15–23% among infants and toddlers and 35–45% among preschoolers. Dietary intakes of infants were adequate, with mean intakes exceeding Adequate Intake for all nutrients except vitamins D and E. Iron intakes fell below the Estimated Average Requirement for older infants (18%). We found that 31–33% of children aged 12–47.9 mo had low percentage of energy from total fat, and >60% of children aged 24–47.9 mo exceeded the saturated fat guidelines. The likelihood of nutrient inadequacy for many nutrients was higher for toddlers: 3.2% and 2.5% greater than the Adequate Intake for fiber and potassium and 76% and 52% less than the Estimated Average Requirement for vitamins D and E, respectively. These patterns continued through older ages. Intakes exceeded the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of sodium, retinol, and zinc across most age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary intakes of US infants are largely nutritionally adequate; concern exists over iron intakes in those aged 6–11.9 mo. For toddlers and preschoolers, high intake of sodium and low intakes of potassium, fiber, and vitamin D and, for preschoolers, excess saturated fat are of concern. Excess retinol, zinc, and folic acid was noted across most ages, especially among supplement users. Oxford University Press 2018-06-05 2018-09 /pmc/articles/PMC6126633/ /pubmed/29878255 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy042 Text en © 2018 American Society for Nutrition. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Supplement: Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016 Bailey, Regan L Catellier, Diane J Jun, Shinyoung Dwyer, Johanna T Jacquier, Emma F Anater, Andrea S Eldridge, Alison L Total Usual Nutrient Intakes of US Children (Under 48 Months): Findings from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016 |
title | Total Usual Nutrient Intakes of US Children (Under 48 Months): Findings from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016 |
title_full | Total Usual Nutrient Intakes of US Children (Under 48 Months): Findings from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016 |
title_fullStr | Total Usual Nutrient Intakes of US Children (Under 48 Months): Findings from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016 |
title_full_unstemmed | Total Usual Nutrient Intakes of US Children (Under 48 Months): Findings from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016 |
title_short | Total Usual Nutrient Intakes of US Children (Under 48 Months): Findings from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016 |
title_sort | total usual nutrient intakes of us children (under 48 months): findings from the feeding infants and toddlers study (fits) 2016 |
topic | Supplement: Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016 |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6126633/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29878255 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy042 |
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