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Typhoid Fever: Way Forward
The Tackling Typhoid supplement shows that typhoid fever continues to be a problem globally despite socioeconomic gains in certain settings. Morbidity remains high in many endemic countries, notably in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. In addition, antimicrobial resistance is a growing issue that p...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6128357/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30047361 http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.18-0111 |
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author | Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Gaffey, Michelle F. Crump, John A. Steele, Duncan Breiman, Robert F. Mintz, Eric D. Black, Robert E. Luby, Stephen P. Levine, Myron M. |
author_facet | Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Gaffey, Michelle F. Crump, John A. Steele, Duncan Breiman, Robert F. Mintz, Eric D. Black, Robert E. Luby, Stephen P. Levine, Myron M. |
author_sort | Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The Tackling Typhoid supplement shows that typhoid fever continues to be a problem globally despite socioeconomic gains in certain settings. Morbidity remains high in many endemic countries, notably in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. In addition, antimicrobial resistance is a growing issue that poses a challenge for clinical management. The findings from this supplement revealed that outside of high-income countries, there were few reliable population-based estimates of typhoid and paratyphoid fever derived from surveillance systems. This indicates the need for monitoring systems that can also characterize the effectiveness of interventions, particularly in low- and middle-income settings. The country case studies indicated that gains in economic conditions, education, and environmental health may be associated with reductions in typhoid fever burden. Over the study period, the effect is mainly notable in countries with higher baseline levels of economic development, female literacy, and investments in public sanitation. High burden countries must continue to invest in strategies at the local level to address environmental factors such as access to safe drinking water and improved public sanitation that are known to interrupt transmission or diminish the risk of acquiring typhoid. Developing more effective vaccines and incorporating appropriate immunization strategies that target populations with the greatest risk could potentially alleviate disease burden. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6128357 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-61283572018-09-10 Typhoid Fever: Way Forward Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Gaffey, Michelle F. Crump, John A. Steele, Duncan Breiman, Robert F. Mintz, Eric D. Black, Robert E. Luby, Stephen P. Levine, Myron M. Am J Trop Med Hyg Articles The Tackling Typhoid supplement shows that typhoid fever continues to be a problem globally despite socioeconomic gains in certain settings. Morbidity remains high in many endemic countries, notably in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. In addition, antimicrobial resistance is a growing issue that poses a challenge for clinical management. The findings from this supplement revealed that outside of high-income countries, there were few reliable population-based estimates of typhoid and paratyphoid fever derived from surveillance systems. This indicates the need for monitoring systems that can also characterize the effectiveness of interventions, particularly in low- and middle-income settings. The country case studies indicated that gains in economic conditions, education, and environmental health may be associated with reductions in typhoid fever burden. Over the study period, the effect is mainly notable in countries with higher baseline levels of economic development, female literacy, and investments in public sanitation. High burden countries must continue to invest in strategies at the local level to address environmental factors such as access to safe drinking water and improved public sanitation that are known to interrupt transmission or diminish the risk of acquiring typhoid. Developing more effective vaccines and incorporating appropriate immunization strategies that target populations with the greatest risk could potentially alleviate disease burden. The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2018-09 2018-07-25 /pmc/articles/PMC6128357/ /pubmed/30047361 http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.18-0111 Text en © The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Articles Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Gaffey, Michelle F. Crump, John A. Steele, Duncan Breiman, Robert F. Mintz, Eric D. Black, Robert E. Luby, Stephen P. Levine, Myron M. Typhoid Fever: Way Forward |
title | Typhoid Fever: Way Forward |
title_full | Typhoid Fever: Way Forward |
title_fullStr | Typhoid Fever: Way Forward |
title_full_unstemmed | Typhoid Fever: Way Forward |
title_short | Typhoid Fever: Way Forward |
title_sort | typhoid fever: way forward |
topic | Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6128357/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30047361 http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.18-0111 |
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