Potential of rare actinomycetes in the production of metabolites against multiple oxidant agents

Context: Actinobacteria are a precious source of novel bioactive metabolites with potential pharmaceutical applications. Objectives: Representatives of 11 genera of rare Actinobacteria were selected for the evaluation of antioxidant activity. Material and methods: Fermentation broths of the Actinobacteria were extracted and dosage of 10 to 2000 µg/mL were applied for in vitro antioxidant-related bioassays. Cytotoxicity was assessed at the concentration of 2.5–20 µg/mL. Results: In the DPPH scavenging activity, 15 out of 52 extracts showed 17.0–26.8% activity in quantitative evaluation. Metabolites of five prominent antioxidant producing strains protected the DNA (pUC19) against UV-induced photolyzed H(2)O(2)-oxidative degradation. The potent antioxidant extracts inhibited two oxidative enzymes of xanthine oxidase in the range of 17.5–45.2% (three extracts had IC(50) less than allopurinol) and lipoxygenase in the range of 36–55% (all five extracts had IC(50) values less than daidzein). All these extracts could also protect eythrocytes from iron-induced hemolysis with ED(50) values in a range of 0.014–1.25 mg/mL. Growth restoration of the yeast cells lacking the sod1 gene was observed by the antioxidant metabolite of Saccharothrix ecbatanensis UTMC 537 at the concentration of 1 mg/mL. Conclusions: The presence of nonidentical metabolites might be responsible for antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of S. ecbatanensis, newly described actinobacterium in family Pseudonocardiaceae. The scavenging of the free electrons, protection of DNA and model yeast cells against oxidative stress, in addition to the inhibition of the oxidating enzymes are the main mechanisms of the antioxidant effect of the introduced resource in this study.