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Cell Type and Species-specific Patterns in Neuronal and Non-neuronal Methylomes of Human and Chimpanzee Cortices
Epigenetic changes have likely contributed to the large size and enhanced cognitive abilities of the human brain which evolved within the last 2 million years after the human–chimpanzee split. Using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing, we have compared the methylomes of neuronal and non-neur...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6132288/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30085031 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy180 |
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author | Böck, Julia Remmele, Christian W Dittrich, Marcus Müller, Tobias Kondova, Ivanela Persengiev, Stephan Bontrop, Ronald E Ade, Carsten P Kraus, Theo F J Giese, Armin El Hajj, Nady Schneider, Eberhard Haaf, Thomas |
author_facet | Böck, Julia Remmele, Christian W Dittrich, Marcus Müller, Tobias Kondova, Ivanela Persengiev, Stephan Bontrop, Ronald E Ade, Carsten P Kraus, Theo F J Giese, Armin El Hajj, Nady Schneider, Eberhard Haaf, Thomas |
author_sort | Böck, Julia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Epigenetic changes have likely contributed to the large size and enhanced cognitive abilities of the human brain which evolved within the last 2 million years after the human–chimpanzee split. Using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing, we have compared the methylomes of neuronal and non-neuronal cells from 3 human and 3 chimpanzee cortices. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) with genome-wide significance were enriched in specific genomic regions. Intraspecific methylation differences between neuronal and non-neuronal cells were approximately 3 times more abundant than interspecific methylation differences between human and chimpanzee cell types. The vast majority (>90%) of human intraspecific DMRs (including DMRs in retrotransposons) were hypomethylated in neurons, compared with glia. Intraspecific DMRs were enriched in genes associated with different neuropsychiatric disorders. Interspecific DMRs were enriched in genes showing human-specific brain histone modifications. Human–chimpanzee methylation differences were much more frequent in non-neuronal cells (n. DMRs = 666) than in neurons (n. DMRs = 96). More than 95% of interspecific DMRs in glia were hypermethylated in humans. Although without an outgroup we cannot assign whether a change in methylation occurred in the human or chimpanzee lineage, our results are consistent with a wave of methylation affecting several hundred non-neuronal genes during human brain evolution. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6132288 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-61322882018-09-13 Cell Type and Species-specific Patterns in Neuronal and Non-neuronal Methylomes of Human and Chimpanzee Cortices Böck, Julia Remmele, Christian W Dittrich, Marcus Müller, Tobias Kondova, Ivanela Persengiev, Stephan Bontrop, Ronald E Ade, Carsten P Kraus, Theo F J Giese, Armin El Hajj, Nady Schneider, Eberhard Haaf, Thomas Cereb Cortex Original Articles Epigenetic changes have likely contributed to the large size and enhanced cognitive abilities of the human brain which evolved within the last 2 million years after the human–chimpanzee split. Using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing, we have compared the methylomes of neuronal and non-neuronal cells from 3 human and 3 chimpanzee cortices. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) with genome-wide significance were enriched in specific genomic regions. Intraspecific methylation differences between neuronal and non-neuronal cells were approximately 3 times more abundant than interspecific methylation differences between human and chimpanzee cell types. The vast majority (>90%) of human intraspecific DMRs (including DMRs in retrotransposons) were hypomethylated in neurons, compared with glia. Intraspecific DMRs were enriched in genes associated with different neuropsychiatric disorders. Interspecific DMRs were enriched in genes showing human-specific brain histone modifications. Human–chimpanzee methylation differences were much more frequent in non-neuronal cells (n. DMRs = 666) than in neurons (n. DMRs = 96). More than 95% of interspecific DMRs in glia were hypermethylated in humans. Although without an outgroup we cannot assign whether a change in methylation occurred in the human or chimpanzee lineage, our results are consistent with a wave of methylation affecting several hundred non-neuronal genes during human brain evolution. Oxford University Press 2018-10 2018-08-06 /pmc/articles/PMC6132288/ /pubmed/30085031 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy180 Text en © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com |
spellingShingle | Original Articles Böck, Julia Remmele, Christian W Dittrich, Marcus Müller, Tobias Kondova, Ivanela Persengiev, Stephan Bontrop, Ronald E Ade, Carsten P Kraus, Theo F J Giese, Armin El Hajj, Nady Schneider, Eberhard Haaf, Thomas Cell Type and Species-specific Patterns in Neuronal and Non-neuronal Methylomes of Human and Chimpanzee Cortices |
title | Cell Type and Species-specific Patterns in Neuronal and Non-neuronal Methylomes of Human and Chimpanzee Cortices |
title_full | Cell Type and Species-specific Patterns in Neuronal and Non-neuronal Methylomes of Human and Chimpanzee Cortices |
title_fullStr | Cell Type and Species-specific Patterns in Neuronal and Non-neuronal Methylomes of Human and Chimpanzee Cortices |
title_full_unstemmed | Cell Type and Species-specific Patterns in Neuronal and Non-neuronal Methylomes of Human and Chimpanzee Cortices |
title_short | Cell Type and Species-specific Patterns in Neuronal and Non-neuronal Methylomes of Human and Chimpanzee Cortices |
title_sort | cell type and species-specific patterns in neuronal and non-neuronal methylomes of human and chimpanzee cortices |
topic | Original Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6132288/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30085031 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy180 |
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