Posterior Humeral Circumflex Artery Aneurysms in Two Collegiate Pitchers

Posterior humeral circumflex artery aneurysms in upper extremity athletes are a rarely described entity now beginning to gain wider recognition in the medical literature. Recent studies have demonstrated that these aneurysms may be underdiagnosed and that appropriate recognition with early diagnosis is imperative for improved outcomes. This case report aims to increase awareness of posterior humeral circumflex artery aneurysms and to educate physicians on the appropriate recognition of symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. We describe two presentations of the same injury, as well as an approach to diagnosis and treatment. We also discuss new diagnostic techniques and future research plans. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III diagnostic study.