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Exposure levels of ELF magnetic fields in the residential areas of Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality
The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure levels of ELF magnetic fields in the residential areas of Mangaung metropolitan municipality. Fifteen residential sites were randomly selected in Bloemfontein, nine in Botshabelo and six in Thaba Nchu areas of Mangaung. Measurements were collected a...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer International Publishing
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6133029/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30140955 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6916-8 |
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author | Rathebe, Phoka Weyers, Carien Raphela, France |
author_facet | Rathebe, Phoka Weyers, Carien Raphela, France |
author_sort | Rathebe, Phoka |
collection | PubMed |
description | The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure levels of ELF magnetic fields in the residential areas of Mangaung metropolitan municipality. Fifteen residential sites were randomly selected in Bloemfontein, nine in Botshabelo and six in Thaba Nchu areas of Mangaung. Measurements were collected at the distances of 3 m, 6 m and 9 m outside electrical substations, near every corner, using a Trifield meter model XE 100. Measurements were also collected from four different corners inside substations, near barrier screening and were referred to as a distance of 0 m (reference point). The results indicated a non-significant difference among 15 residential areas; BRE1 to BRE15 and six areas; TNRE1 to TRNE6. The exposure levels were significantly high in one residential area BORE1 (0.55 μT) as compared to other residential sites in Botshabelo (p < 0.001). The results obtained from the measurements also show a significant difference between the residential areas BORE4 and BORE8 (p < 0.01) as well as BORE4 and BORE9 (p < 0.006). The four distance interims also demonstrated a highly significant difference (p < 0.0001) when compared to one another. The t test showed a statistically significant difference for exposure levels recorded at 3 m, 6 m and 9 m in comparison to 0 m (p < 0.01). The exposure levels recorded at 3 m were also significantly different to those recorded at 6 m (p < 0.05) and 9 m (p < 0.01). The exposure levels measured at all distances are below the ICNIRP guidelines and the fields decrease rapidly with an increased distance from the source. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6133029 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Springer International Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-61330292018-09-18 Exposure levels of ELF magnetic fields in the residential areas of Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality Rathebe, Phoka Weyers, Carien Raphela, France Environ Monit Assess Article The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure levels of ELF magnetic fields in the residential areas of Mangaung metropolitan municipality. Fifteen residential sites were randomly selected in Bloemfontein, nine in Botshabelo and six in Thaba Nchu areas of Mangaung. Measurements were collected at the distances of 3 m, 6 m and 9 m outside electrical substations, near every corner, using a Trifield meter model XE 100. Measurements were also collected from four different corners inside substations, near barrier screening and were referred to as a distance of 0 m (reference point). The results indicated a non-significant difference among 15 residential areas; BRE1 to BRE15 and six areas; TNRE1 to TRNE6. The exposure levels were significantly high in one residential area BORE1 (0.55 μT) as compared to other residential sites in Botshabelo (p < 0.001). The results obtained from the measurements also show a significant difference between the residential areas BORE4 and BORE8 (p < 0.01) as well as BORE4 and BORE9 (p < 0.006). The four distance interims also demonstrated a highly significant difference (p < 0.0001) when compared to one another. The t test showed a statistically significant difference for exposure levels recorded at 3 m, 6 m and 9 m in comparison to 0 m (p < 0.01). The exposure levels recorded at 3 m were also significantly different to those recorded at 6 m (p < 0.05) and 9 m (p < 0.01). The exposure levels measured at all distances are below the ICNIRP guidelines and the fields decrease rapidly with an increased distance from the source. Springer International Publishing 2018-08-23 2018 /pmc/articles/PMC6133029/ /pubmed/30140955 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6916-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. |
spellingShingle | Article Rathebe, Phoka Weyers, Carien Raphela, France Exposure levels of ELF magnetic fields in the residential areas of Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality |
title | Exposure levels of ELF magnetic fields in the residential areas of Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality |
title_full | Exposure levels of ELF magnetic fields in the residential areas of Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality |
title_fullStr | Exposure levels of ELF magnetic fields in the residential areas of Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality |
title_full_unstemmed | Exposure levels of ELF magnetic fields in the residential areas of Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality |
title_short | Exposure levels of ELF magnetic fields in the residential areas of Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality |
title_sort | exposure levels of elf magnetic fields in the residential areas of mangaung metropolitan municipality |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6133029/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30140955 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6916-8 |
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