Endovascular management in immature arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis

To evaluate the outcomes and prognostic factors of endovascular management in immature arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis. From April 2007 to September 2017, 54 patients (male:female = 31:23, mean age 65.63 years, range 33–90 years) who underwent endovascular management for the salvage of immature AVF were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical data, procedural details, and results were evaluated. Primary and secondary patency rates and factors influencing the patency were also analyzed. Technical and clinical success rates were 88.9% (48/54) and 85.2% (46/54), respectively. Mean primary and secondary patency was 42.10 (±8.85) and 91.5 (±14.77) months, respectively. Primary and secondary patency rates were 66% and 89% in 1 year, 66% and 78% in 2 years, and 51% and 78% in 3 years. In multivariate analysis, only brachiocephalic AVF and antegrade access procedures showed significantly shorter primary patency (HR 5.196; 95% CI (1.04–25.77); P = .044, HR 8.096; 95% CI (1.36–48.00); P = .021). There was no statistically significant factor associated with secondary patency in the multivariate study. Endovascular management in immature AVF is safe and effective to make the AVF available. Brachiocephalic AVF and antegrade access procedures are the factors influencing the patency in multivariate analysis.