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Schwann Cell Responses and Plasticity in Different Dental Pulp Scenarios

Mammalian teeth have evolved as dentin units that enclose a complex system of sensory innervation to protect and preserve their structure and function. In human dental pulp (DP), mechanosensory and nociceptive fibers form a dense meshwork of nerve endings at the coronal dentin-pulp interface, which...

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Autores principales: Couve, Eduardo, Schmachtenberg, Oliver
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6133954/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30233330
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2018.00299
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author Couve, Eduardo
Schmachtenberg, Oliver
author_facet Couve, Eduardo
Schmachtenberg, Oliver
author_sort Couve, Eduardo
collection PubMed
description Mammalian teeth have evolved as dentin units that enclose a complex system of sensory innervation to protect and preserve their structure and function. In human dental pulp (DP), mechanosensory and nociceptive fibers form a dense meshwork of nerve endings at the coronal dentin-pulp interface, which arise from myelinated and non-myelinated axons of the Raschkow plexus (RP). Schwann cells (SCs) play a crucial role in the support, maintenance and regeneration after injury of these fibers. We have recently characterized two SC phenotypes hierarchically organized within the coronal and radicular DP in human teeth. Myelinating and non-myelinating SCs (nmSCs) display a high degree of plasticity associated with nociceptive C-fiber sprouting and axonal degeneration in response to DP injuries from dentin caries or physiological root resorption (PRR). By comparative immunolabeling, confocal and electron microscopy, we have characterized short-term adaptive responses of SC phenotypes to nerve injuries, and long-term changes related to aging. An increase of SCs characterizes the early responses to caries progression in association with axonal sprouting in affected DP domains. Moreover, during PRR, the formation of bands of Büngner is observed as part of SC repair tracks functions. On the other hand, myelinated axon density is significantly reduced with tooth age, as part of a gradual decrease in DP defense and repair capacities. The remarkable plasticity and capacity of SCs to preserve DP innervation in different dental scenarios constitutes a fundamental aspect to improve clinical treatments. This review article discusses the central role of myelinating and non-mSCs in long-term tooth preservation and homeostasis.
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spelling pubmed-61339542018-09-19 Schwann Cell Responses and Plasticity in Different Dental Pulp Scenarios Couve, Eduardo Schmachtenberg, Oliver Front Cell Neurosci Neuroscience Mammalian teeth have evolved as dentin units that enclose a complex system of sensory innervation to protect and preserve their structure and function. In human dental pulp (DP), mechanosensory and nociceptive fibers form a dense meshwork of nerve endings at the coronal dentin-pulp interface, which arise from myelinated and non-myelinated axons of the Raschkow plexus (RP). Schwann cells (SCs) play a crucial role in the support, maintenance and regeneration after injury of these fibers. We have recently characterized two SC phenotypes hierarchically organized within the coronal and radicular DP in human teeth. Myelinating and non-myelinating SCs (nmSCs) display a high degree of plasticity associated with nociceptive C-fiber sprouting and axonal degeneration in response to DP injuries from dentin caries or physiological root resorption (PRR). By comparative immunolabeling, confocal and electron microscopy, we have characterized short-term adaptive responses of SC phenotypes to nerve injuries, and long-term changes related to aging. An increase of SCs characterizes the early responses to caries progression in association with axonal sprouting in affected DP domains. Moreover, during PRR, the formation of bands of Büngner is observed as part of SC repair tracks functions. On the other hand, myelinated axon density is significantly reduced with tooth age, as part of a gradual decrease in DP defense and repair capacities. The remarkable plasticity and capacity of SCs to preserve DP innervation in different dental scenarios constitutes a fundamental aspect to improve clinical treatments. This review article discusses the central role of myelinating and non-mSCs in long-term tooth preservation and homeostasis. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-09-05 /pmc/articles/PMC6133954/ /pubmed/30233330 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2018.00299 Text en Copyright © 2018 Couve and Schmachtenberg. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Couve, Eduardo
Schmachtenberg, Oliver
Schwann Cell Responses and Plasticity in Different Dental Pulp Scenarios
title Schwann Cell Responses and Plasticity in Different Dental Pulp Scenarios
title_full Schwann Cell Responses and Plasticity in Different Dental Pulp Scenarios
title_fullStr Schwann Cell Responses and Plasticity in Different Dental Pulp Scenarios
title_full_unstemmed Schwann Cell Responses and Plasticity in Different Dental Pulp Scenarios
title_short Schwann Cell Responses and Plasticity in Different Dental Pulp Scenarios
title_sort schwann cell responses and plasticity in different dental pulp scenarios
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6133954/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30233330
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2018.00299
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