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Environmental enrichment reduces adolescent anxiety- and depression-like behaviors of rats subjected to infant nerve injury
BACKGROUND: Infant nerve injury causes delayed adolescent neuropathic pain, but whether it also leads to psychiatric illness is unknown. Environmental enrichment (EE) increases social communication and activity. Thus, our goal was to test anxiety- and depression-like behaviors after infant periphera...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6134705/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30208926 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12974-018-1301-7 |
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author | Gong, Xingrui Chen, Yongmei Chang, Jing Huang, Yue Cai, Meihau Zhang, Mazhong |
author_facet | Gong, Xingrui Chen, Yongmei Chang, Jing Huang, Yue Cai, Meihau Zhang, Mazhong |
author_sort | Gong, Xingrui |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Infant nerve injury causes delayed adolescent neuropathic pain, but whether it also leads to psychiatric illness is unknown. Environmental enrichment (EE) increases social communication and activity. Thus, our goal was to test anxiety- and depression-like behaviors after infant peripheral nerve injury and evaluate the effect of environmental enrichment on these models of affective disorders. METHODS: Open field, elevated plus maze, sucrose preference, and pain behaviors (paw withdrawal threshold, spontaneous guarding score, and cold response to acetone) were measured in rats that received infant spared nerve injury (SNI). Enzyme-linked immune absorbent assay of cytokines was performed to evaluate the inflammatory response in the brain. Then, the ability of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of a microglia inhibitor, minocycline (MIN), and EE (a free-running wheel, a staircase, a plastic tunnel, a raised platform, and various colored balls) to reverse the infant SNI effects on behaviors and cytokines was examined. RESULTS: Infant nerve injury resulted in adolescent anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. The medial prefrontal cortex, basolateral amygdala, and ventral hippocampus were skewed to a pro-inflammatory profile. ICV injection of MIN reduced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors without affecting pain behaviors. In addition, ICV MIN skewed the brain towards an anti-inflammatory profile. Finally, environmental enrichment improved anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, as well as pain behaviors. EE increased brain IL-10 and decreased IL-1β and TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS: Infant nerve injury induces adolescent anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and central nervous inflammation. Environmental enrichment reduces these behaviors by normalizing the inflammation balance in the brain. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6134705 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-61347052018-09-13 Environmental enrichment reduces adolescent anxiety- and depression-like behaviors of rats subjected to infant nerve injury Gong, Xingrui Chen, Yongmei Chang, Jing Huang, Yue Cai, Meihau Zhang, Mazhong J Neuroinflammation Research BACKGROUND: Infant nerve injury causes delayed adolescent neuropathic pain, but whether it also leads to psychiatric illness is unknown. Environmental enrichment (EE) increases social communication and activity. Thus, our goal was to test anxiety- and depression-like behaviors after infant peripheral nerve injury and evaluate the effect of environmental enrichment on these models of affective disorders. METHODS: Open field, elevated plus maze, sucrose preference, and pain behaviors (paw withdrawal threshold, spontaneous guarding score, and cold response to acetone) were measured in rats that received infant spared nerve injury (SNI). Enzyme-linked immune absorbent assay of cytokines was performed to evaluate the inflammatory response in the brain. Then, the ability of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of a microglia inhibitor, minocycline (MIN), and EE (a free-running wheel, a staircase, a plastic tunnel, a raised platform, and various colored balls) to reverse the infant SNI effects on behaviors and cytokines was examined. RESULTS: Infant nerve injury resulted in adolescent anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. The medial prefrontal cortex, basolateral amygdala, and ventral hippocampus were skewed to a pro-inflammatory profile. ICV injection of MIN reduced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors without affecting pain behaviors. In addition, ICV MIN skewed the brain towards an anti-inflammatory profile. Finally, environmental enrichment improved anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, as well as pain behaviors. EE increased brain IL-10 and decreased IL-1β and TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS: Infant nerve injury induces adolescent anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and central nervous inflammation. Environmental enrichment reduces these behaviors by normalizing the inflammation balance in the brain. BioMed Central 2018-09-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6134705/ /pubmed/30208926 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12974-018-1301-7 Text en © The Author(s). 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Gong, Xingrui Chen, Yongmei Chang, Jing Huang, Yue Cai, Meihau Zhang, Mazhong Environmental enrichment reduces adolescent anxiety- and depression-like behaviors of rats subjected to infant nerve injury |
title | Environmental enrichment reduces adolescent anxiety- and depression-like behaviors of rats subjected to infant nerve injury |
title_full | Environmental enrichment reduces adolescent anxiety- and depression-like behaviors of rats subjected to infant nerve injury |
title_fullStr | Environmental enrichment reduces adolescent anxiety- and depression-like behaviors of rats subjected to infant nerve injury |
title_full_unstemmed | Environmental enrichment reduces adolescent anxiety- and depression-like behaviors of rats subjected to infant nerve injury |
title_short | Environmental enrichment reduces adolescent anxiety- and depression-like behaviors of rats subjected to infant nerve injury |
title_sort | environmental enrichment reduces adolescent anxiety- and depression-like behaviors of rats subjected to infant nerve injury |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6134705/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30208926 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12974-018-1301-7 |
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