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Diagnostic Testing and Decision-Making: Beauty Is Not Just in the Eye of the Beholder

To use a diagnostic test effectively and consistently in their practice, clinicians need to know how well the test distinguishes between those patients who have the suspected acute or chronic disease and those patients who do not. Clinicians are equally interested and usually more concerned whether,...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Vetter, Thomas R., Schober, Patrick, Mascha, Edward J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6135476/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30096083
http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000003698
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author Vetter, Thomas R.
Schober, Patrick
Mascha, Edward J.
author_facet Vetter, Thomas R.
Schober, Patrick
Mascha, Edward J.
author_sort Vetter, Thomas R.
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description To use a diagnostic test effectively and consistently in their practice, clinicians need to know how well the test distinguishes between those patients who have the suspected acute or chronic disease and those patients who do not. Clinicians are equally interested and usually more concerned whether, based on the results of a screening test, a given patient actually: (1) does or does not have the suspected disease; or (2) will or will not subsequently experience the adverse event or outcome. Medical tests that are performed to screen for a risk factor, diagnose a disease, or to estimate a patient’s prognosis are frequently a key component of a clinical research study. Like therapeutic interventions, medical tests require proper analysis and demonstrated efficacy before being incorporated into routine clinical practice. This basic statistical tutorial, thus, discusses the fundamental concepts and techniques related to diagnostic testing and medical decision-making, including sensitivity and specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, positive and negative likelihood ratio, receiver operating characteristic curve, diagnostic accuracy, choosing a best cut-point for a continuous variable biomarker, comparing methods on diagnostic accuracy, and design of a diagnostic accuracy study.
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spelling pubmed-61354762018-09-20 Diagnostic Testing and Decision-Making: Beauty Is Not Just in the Eye of the Beholder Vetter, Thomas R. Schober, Patrick Mascha, Edward J. Anesth Analg General Articles To use a diagnostic test effectively and consistently in their practice, clinicians need to know how well the test distinguishes between those patients who have the suspected acute or chronic disease and those patients who do not. Clinicians are equally interested and usually more concerned whether, based on the results of a screening test, a given patient actually: (1) does or does not have the suspected disease; or (2) will or will not subsequently experience the adverse event or outcome. Medical tests that are performed to screen for a risk factor, diagnose a disease, or to estimate a patient’s prognosis are frequently a key component of a clinical research study. Like therapeutic interventions, medical tests require proper analysis and demonstrated efficacy before being incorporated into routine clinical practice. This basic statistical tutorial, thus, discusses the fundamental concepts and techniques related to diagnostic testing and medical decision-making, including sensitivity and specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, positive and negative likelihood ratio, receiver operating characteristic curve, diagnostic accuracy, choosing a best cut-point for a continuous variable biomarker, comparing methods on diagnostic accuracy, and design of a diagnostic accuracy study. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2018-10 2018-08-09 /pmc/articles/PMC6135476/ /pubmed/30096083 http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000003698 Text en Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the International Anesthesia Research Society. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) , where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.
spellingShingle General Articles
Vetter, Thomas R.
Schober, Patrick
Mascha, Edward J.
Diagnostic Testing and Decision-Making: Beauty Is Not Just in the Eye of the Beholder
title Diagnostic Testing and Decision-Making: Beauty Is Not Just in the Eye of the Beholder
title_full Diagnostic Testing and Decision-Making: Beauty Is Not Just in the Eye of the Beholder
title_fullStr Diagnostic Testing and Decision-Making: Beauty Is Not Just in the Eye of the Beholder
title_full_unstemmed Diagnostic Testing and Decision-Making: Beauty Is Not Just in the Eye of the Beholder
title_short Diagnostic Testing and Decision-Making: Beauty Is Not Just in the Eye of the Beholder
title_sort diagnostic testing and decision-making: beauty is not just in the eye of the beholder
topic General Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6135476/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30096083
http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000003698
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