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Aphid Colonization Affects Potato Root Exudate Composition and the Hatching of a Soil Borne Pathogen

Plants suffer multiple, simultaneous biotic threats from both above and below ground. These pests and/or pathogens are commonly studied on an individual basis and the effects of above-ground pests on below-ground pathogens are poorly defined. Root exudates from potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) w...

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Autores principales: Hoysted, Grace A., Bell, Christopher A., Lilley, Catherine J., Urwin, Peter E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6136236/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30237805
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01278
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author Hoysted, Grace A.
Bell, Christopher A.
Lilley, Catherine J.
Urwin, Peter E.
author_facet Hoysted, Grace A.
Bell, Christopher A.
Lilley, Catherine J.
Urwin, Peter E.
author_sort Hoysted, Grace A.
collection PubMed
description Plants suffer multiple, simultaneous biotic threats from both above and below ground. These pests and/or pathogens are commonly studied on an individual basis and the effects of above-ground pests on below-ground pathogens are poorly defined. Root exudates from potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) were analyzed to characterize the top-down plant-mediated interactions between a phloem-sucking herbivore (Myzus persicae) and a sedentary, endoparasitic nematode (Globodera pallida). Increasing inocula of the aphid, M. persicae, reduced the root mass of potato plants. Exudates collected from these roots induced significantly lower hatching of second-stage juveniles from G. pallida eggs over a 28-day period, than those from uninfested control plants. Inhibition of hatch was significantly positively correlated with size of aphid inoculum. Diminished hatching was partially recovered after treatment with root exudate from uninfested potato plants indicating that the effect on hatching is reversible but cannot be fully recovered. Glucose and fructose content was reduced in root exudates from aphid-infested potato plants compared to controls and these sugars were found to induce hatching of G. pallida, but not to the same degree as potato root exudates (PRE). Supplementing aphid-infested PRE with sugars did not recover the hatching potential of the treatment, suggesting that additional compounds play an important role in egg hatch. The first gene upregulated in the closely related potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis post-exposure to host root exudate, Neprilysin-1, was confirmed to be upregulated in G. pallida cysts after exposure to PRE and was also upregulated by the sugar treatments. Significantly reduced upregulation of Gpa-nep-1 was observed in cysts treated with root exudates from potato plants infested with greater numbers of aphids. Our data suggest that aphid infestation of potato plants affects the composition of root exudates, with consequential effects on the hatching and gene expression of G. pallida eggs. This work shows that an above-ground pest can indirectly impact the rhizosphere and reveals secondary effects for control of an economically important below-ground pathogen.
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spelling pubmed-61362362018-09-20 Aphid Colonization Affects Potato Root Exudate Composition and the Hatching of a Soil Borne Pathogen Hoysted, Grace A. Bell, Christopher A. Lilley, Catherine J. Urwin, Peter E. Front Plant Sci Plant Science Plants suffer multiple, simultaneous biotic threats from both above and below ground. These pests and/or pathogens are commonly studied on an individual basis and the effects of above-ground pests on below-ground pathogens are poorly defined. Root exudates from potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) were analyzed to characterize the top-down plant-mediated interactions between a phloem-sucking herbivore (Myzus persicae) and a sedentary, endoparasitic nematode (Globodera pallida). Increasing inocula of the aphid, M. persicae, reduced the root mass of potato plants. Exudates collected from these roots induced significantly lower hatching of second-stage juveniles from G. pallida eggs over a 28-day period, than those from uninfested control plants. Inhibition of hatch was significantly positively correlated with size of aphid inoculum. Diminished hatching was partially recovered after treatment with root exudate from uninfested potato plants indicating that the effect on hatching is reversible but cannot be fully recovered. Glucose and fructose content was reduced in root exudates from aphid-infested potato plants compared to controls and these sugars were found to induce hatching of G. pallida, but not to the same degree as potato root exudates (PRE). Supplementing aphid-infested PRE with sugars did not recover the hatching potential of the treatment, suggesting that additional compounds play an important role in egg hatch. The first gene upregulated in the closely related potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis post-exposure to host root exudate, Neprilysin-1, was confirmed to be upregulated in G. pallida cysts after exposure to PRE and was also upregulated by the sugar treatments. Significantly reduced upregulation of Gpa-nep-1 was observed in cysts treated with root exudates from potato plants infested with greater numbers of aphids. Our data suggest that aphid infestation of potato plants affects the composition of root exudates, with consequential effects on the hatching and gene expression of G. pallida eggs. This work shows that an above-ground pest can indirectly impact the rhizosphere and reveals secondary effects for control of an economically important below-ground pathogen. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-09-06 /pmc/articles/PMC6136236/ /pubmed/30237805 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01278 Text en Copyright © 2018 Hoysted, Bell, Lilley and Urwin. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Hoysted, Grace A.
Bell, Christopher A.
Lilley, Catherine J.
Urwin, Peter E.
Aphid Colonization Affects Potato Root Exudate Composition and the Hatching of a Soil Borne Pathogen
title Aphid Colonization Affects Potato Root Exudate Composition and the Hatching of a Soil Borne Pathogen
title_full Aphid Colonization Affects Potato Root Exudate Composition and the Hatching of a Soil Borne Pathogen
title_fullStr Aphid Colonization Affects Potato Root Exudate Composition and the Hatching of a Soil Borne Pathogen
title_full_unstemmed Aphid Colonization Affects Potato Root Exudate Composition and the Hatching of a Soil Borne Pathogen
title_short Aphid Colonization Affects Potato Root Exudate Composition and the Hatching of a Soil Borne Pathogen
title_sort aphid colonization affects potato root exudate composition and the hatching of a soil borne pathogen
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6136236/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30237805
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01278
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