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Immunomodulatory Effects of 17β-Estradiol on Epithelial Cells during Bacterial Infections

The innate immune system can function under hormonal control. 17β-Estradiol (E2) is an important sexual hormone for the reproductive cycle of mammals, and it has immunomodulatory effects on epithelial cells, which are the first line of defense against incoming bacteria. E2 regulates various pathophy...

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Autores principales: Medina-Estrada, Ivan, Alva-Murillo, Nayeli, López-Meza, Joel E., Ochoa-Zarzosa, Alejandra
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6136541/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30246035
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6098961
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author Medina-Estrada, Ivan
Alva-Murillo, Nayeli
López-Meza, Joel E.
Ochoa-Zarzosa, Alejandra
author_facet Medina-Estrada, Ivan
Alva-Murillo, Nayeli
López-Meza, Joel E.
Ochoa-Zarzosa, Alejandra
author_sort Medina-Estrada, Ivan
collection PubMed
description The innate immune system can function under hormonal control. 17β-Estradiol (E2) is an important sexual hormone for the reproductive cycle of mammals, and it has immunomodulatory effects on epithelial cells, which are the first line of defense against incoming bacteria. E2 regulates various pathophysiological processes, including the response to infection in epithelial cells, and its effects involve the regulation of innate immune signaling pathways, which are mediated through estrogen receptors (ERs). E2 modulates the expression of inflammatory and antimicrobial elements such as cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. The E2 effects on epithelial cells during bacterial infections are characterized by an increase in the production of antimicrobial peptides and by the diminution of the inflammatory response to abrogate proinflammatory cytokine induction by bacteria. Here, we review several novel molecular mechanisms through which E2 regulates the innate immune response of epithelial cells against bacterial infections.
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spelling pubmed-61365412018-09-23 Immunomodulatory Effects of 17β-Estradiol on Epithelial Cells during Bacterial Infections Medina-Estrada, Ivan Alva-Murillo, Nayeli López-Meza, Joel E. Ochoa-Zarzosa, Alejandra J Immunol Res Review Article The innate immune system can function under hormonal control. 17β-Estradiol (E2) is an important sexual hormone for the reproductive cycle of mammals, and it has immunomodulatory effects on epithelial cells, which are the first line of defense against incoming bacteria. E2 regulates various pathophysiological processes, including the response to infection in epithelial cells, and its effects involve the regulation of innate immune signaling pathways, which are mediated through estrogen receptors (ERs). E2 modulates the expression of inflammatory and antimicrobial elements such as cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. The E2 effects on epithelial cells during bacterial infections are characterized by an increase in the production of antimicrobial peptides and by the diminution of the inflammatory response to abrogate proinflammatory cytokine induction by bacteria. Here, we review several novel molecular mechanisms through which E2 regulates the innate immune response of epithelial cells against bacterial infections. Hindawi 2018-08-29 /pmc/articles/PMC6136541/ /pubmed/30246035 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6098961 Text en Copyright © 2018 Ivan Medina-Estrada et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Medina-Estrada, Ivan
Alva-Murillo, Nayeli
López-Meza, Joel E.
Ochoa-Zarzosa, Alejandra
Immunomodulatory Effects of 17β-Estradiol on Epithelial Cells during Bacterial Infections
title Immunomodulatory Effects of 17β-Estradiol on Epithelial Cells during Bacterial Infections
title_full Immunomodulatory Effects of 17β-Estradiol on Epithelial Cells during Bacterial Infections
title_fullStr Immunomodulatory Effects of 17β-Estradiol on Epithelial Cells during Bacterial Infections
title_full_unstemmed Immunomodulatory Effects of 17β-Estradiol on Epithelial Cells during Bacterial Infections
title_short Immunomodulatory Effects of 17β-Estradiol on Epithelial Cells during Bacterial Infections
title_sort immunomodulatory effects of 17β-estradiol on epithelial cells during bacterial infections
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6136541/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30246035
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6098961
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