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Immunomodulatory Effects of 17β-Estradiol on Epithelial Cells during Bacterial Infections
The innate immune system can function under hormonal control. 17β-Estradiol (E2) is an important sexual hormone for the reproductive cycle of mammals, and it has immunomodulatory effects on epithelial cells, which are the first line of defense against incoming bacteria. E2 regulates various pathophy...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6136541/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30246035 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6098961 |
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author | Medina-Estrada, Ivan Alva-Murillo, Nayeli López-Meza, Joel E. Ochoa-Zarzosa, Alejandra |
author_facet | Medina-Estrada, Ivan Alva-Murillo, Nayeli López-Meza, Joel E. Ochoa-Zarzosa, Alejandra |
author_sort | Medina-Estrada, Ivan |
collection | PubMed |
description | The innate immune system can function under hormonal control. 17β-Estradiol (E2) is an important sexual hormone for the reproductive cycle of mammals, and it has immunomodulatory effects on epithelial cells, which are the first line of defense against incoming bacteria. E2 regulates various pathophysiological processes, including the response to infection in epithelial cells, and its effects involve the regulation of innate immune signaling pathways, which are mediated through estrogen receptors (ERs). E2 modulates the expression of inflammatory and antimicrobial elements such as cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. The E2 effects on epithelial cells during bacterial infections are characterized by an increase in the production of antimicrobial peptides and by the diminution of the inflammatory response to abrogate proinflammatory cytokine induction by bacteria. Here, we review several novel molecular mechanisms through which E2 regulates the innate immune response of epithelial cells against bacterial infections. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6136541 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-61365412018-09-23 Immunomodulatory Effects of 17β-Estradiol on Epithelial Cells during Bacterial Infections Medina-Estrada, Ivan Alva-Murillo, Nayeli López-Meza, Joel E. Ochoa-Zarzosa, Alejandra J Immunol Res Review Article The innate immune system can function under hormonal control. 17β-Estradiol (E2) is an important sexual hormone for the reproductive cycle of mammals, and it has immunomodulatory effects on epithelial cells, which are the first line of defense against incoming bacteria. E2 regulates various pathophysiological processes, including the response to infection in epithelial cells, and its effects involve the regulation of innate immune signaling pathways, which are mediated through estrogen receptors (ERs). E2 modulates the expression of inflammatory and antimicrobial elements such as cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. The E2 effects on epithelial cells during bacterial infections are characterized by an increase in the production of antimicrobial peptides and by the diminution of the inflammatory response to abrogate proinflammatory cytokine induction by bacteria. Here, we review several novel molecular mechanisms through which E2 regulates the innate immune response of epithelial cells against bacterial infections. Hindawi 2018-08-29 /pmc/articles/PMC6136541/ /pubmed/30246035 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6098961 Text en Copyright © 2018 Ivan Medina-Estrada et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Medina-Estrada, Ivan Alva-Murillo, Nayeli López-Meza, Joel E. Ochoa-Zarzosa, Alejandra Immunomodulatory Effects of 17β-Estradiol on Epithelial Cells during Bacterial Infections |
title | Immunomodulatory Effects of 17β-Estradiol on Epithelial Cells during Bacterial Infections |
title_full | Immunomodulatory Effects of 17β-Estradiol on Epithelial Cells during Bacterial Infections |
title_fullStr | Immunomodulatory Effects of 17β-Estradiol on Epithelial Cells during Bacterial Infections |
title_full_unstemmed | Immunomodulatory Effects of 17β-Estradiol on Epithelial Cells during Bacterial Infections |
title_short | Immunomodulatory Effects of 17β-Estradiol on Epithelial Cells during Bacterial Infections |
title_sort | immunomodulatory effects of 17β-estradiol on epithelial cells during bacterial infections |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6136541/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30246035 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6098961 |
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