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A rationale for tRNA modification circuits in the anticodon loop

The numerous post-transcriptional modifications of tRNA play a crucial role in tRNA function. While most modifications are introduced to tRNA independently, several sets of modifications are found to be interconnected such that the presence of one set of modifications drives the formation of another...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Han, Lu, Phizicky, Eric M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6140457/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30026310
http://dx.doi.org/10.1261/rna.067736.118
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author Han, Lu
Phizicky, Eric M.
author_facet Han, Lu
Phizicky, Eric M.
author_sort Han, Lu
collection PubMed
description The numerous post-transcriptional modifications of tRNA play a crucial role in tRNA function. While most modifications are introduced to tRNA independently, several sets of modifications are found to be interconnected such that the presence of one set of modifications drives the formation of another modification. The vast majority of these modification circuits are found in the anticodon loop (ACL) region where the largest variety and highest density of modifications occur compared to the other parts of the tRNA and where there is relatively limited sequence and structural information. We speculate here that the modification circuits in the ACL region arise to enhance enzyme modification specificity by direct or indirect use of the first modification in the circuit as an additional recognition element for the second modification. We also describe the five well-studied modification circuits in the ACL, and outline possible mechanisms by which they may act. The prevalence of these modification circuits in the ACL and the phylogenetic conservation of some of them suggest that a number of other modification circuits will be found in this region in different organisms.
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spelling pubmed-61404572019-10-01 A rationale for tRNA modification circuits in the anticodon loop Han, Lu Phizicky, Eric M. RNA Review The numerous post-transcriptional modifications of tRNA play a crucial role in tRNA function. While most modifications are introduced to tRNA independently, several sets of modifications are found to be interconnected such that the presence of one set of modifications drives the formation of another modification. The vast majority of these modification circuits are found in the anticodon loop (ACL) region where the largest variety and highest density of modifications occur compared to the other parts of the tRNA and where there is relatively limited sequence and structural information. We speculate here that the modification circuits in the ACL region arise to enhance enzyme modification specificity by direct or indirect use of the first modification in the circuit as an additional recognition element for the second modification. We also describe the five well-studied modification circuits in the ACL, and outline possible mechanisms by which they may act. The prevalence of these modification circuits in the ACL and the phylogenetic conservation of some of them suggest that a number of other modification circuits will be found in this region in different organisms. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 2018-10 /pmc/articles/PMC6140457/ /pubmed/30026310 http://dx.doi.org/10.1261/rna.067736.118 Text en © 2018 Han and Phizicky; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the RNA Society http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is distributed exclusively by the RNA Society for the first 12 months after the full-issue publication date (see http://rnajournal.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml). After 12 months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
spellingShingle Review
Han, Lu
Phizicky, Eric M.
A rationale for tRNA modification circuits in the anticodon loop
title A rationale for tRNA modification circuits in the anticodon loop
title_full A rationale for tRNA modification circuits in the anticodon loop
title_fullStr A rationale for tRNA modification circuits in the anticodon loop
title_full_unstemmed A rationale for tRNA modification circuits in the anticodon loop
title_short A rationale for tRNA modification circuits in the anticodon loop
title_sort rationale for trna modification circuits in the anticodon loop
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6140457/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30026310
http://dx.doi.org/10.1261/rna.067736.118
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