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Prevalence of elevated blood lead levels among pregnant women and sources of lead exposure in rural Bangladesh: A case control study

Prenatal and early childhood lead exposures impair cognitive development. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) among pregnant women in rural Bangladesh and to identify sources of lead exposure. We analyzed the BLLs of 430 pregnant women randomly selected from rura...

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Autores principales: Forsyth, Jenna E., Saiful Islam, M., Parvez, Sarker Masud, Raqib, Rubhana, Sajjadur Rahman, M., Marie Muehe, E., Fendorf, Scott, Luby, Stephen P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6143383/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29804028
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.04.019
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author Forsyth, Jenna E.
Saiful Islam, M.
Parvez, Sarker Masud
Raqib, Rubhana
Sajjadur Rahman, M.
Marie Muehe, E.
Fendorf, Scott
Luby, Stephen P.
author_facet Forsyth, Jenna E.
Saiful Islam, M.
Parvez, Sarker Masud
Raqib, Rubhana
Sajjadur Rahman, M.
Marie Muehe, E.
Fendorf, Scott
Luby, Stephen P.
author_sort Forsyth, Jenna E.
collection PubMed
description Prenatal and early childhood lead exposures impair cognitive development. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) among pregnant women in rural Bangladesh and to identify sources of lead exposure. We analyzed the BLLs of 430 pregnant women randomly selected from rural communities in central Bangladesh. Fifty-seven cases were selected with the highest BLLs, ≥ 7 μg/dL, and 59 controls were selected with the lowest BLLs, < 2 μg/dL. An exposure questionnaire was administered and soil, rice, turmeric, water, traditional medicine, agrochemical, and can samples were analyzed for lead contamination. Of all 430 women, 132 (31%) had BLLs > 5 μg/dL. Most women with elevated BLLs were spatially clustered. Cases were 2.6 times more likely than controls to consume food from a can (95% CI 1.0–6.3, p = 0.04); 3.6 times more likely to use Basudin, a specific brand of pesticide (95% CI 1.6–7.9, p = 0.002); 3.6 times more likely to use Rifit, a specific brand of herbicide (95% CI 1.7–7.9, p = 0.001); 2.9 times more likely to report using any herbicides (95% CI 1.2–7.3, p = 0.02); and 3.3 times more likely to grind rice (95% CI 1.3–8.4, p = 0.01). Five out of 28 food storage cans were lead-soldered. However, there was minimal physical evidence of lead contamination from 382 agrochemical samples and 129 ground and unground rice samples. Among 17 turmeric samples, one contained excessive lead (265 μg/g) and chromium (49 μg/g). Overall, we found evidence of elevated BLLs and multiple possible sources of lead exposure in rural Bangladesh. Further research should explicate and develop interventions to interrupt these pathways.
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spelling pubmed-61433832018-10-01 Prevalence of elevated blood lead levels among pregnant women and sources of lead exposure in rural Bangladesh: A case control study Forsyth, Jenna E. Saiful Islam, M. Parvez, Sarker Masud Raqib, Rubhana Sajjadur Rahman, M. Marie Muehe, E. Fendorf, Scott Luby, Stephen P. Environ Res Article Prenatal and early childhood lead exposures impair cognitive development. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) among pregnant women in rural Bangladesh and to identify sources of lead exposure. We analyzed the BLLs of 430 pregnant women randomly selected from rural communities in central Bangladesh. Fifty-seven cases were selected with the highest BLLs, ≥ 7 μg/dL, and 59 controls were selected with the lowest BLLs, < 2 μg/dL. An exposure questionnaire was administered and soil, rice, turmeric, water, traditional medicine, agrochemical, and can samples were analyzed for lead contamination. Of all 430 women, 132 (31%) had BLLs > 5 μg/dL. Most women with elevated BLLs were spatially clustered. Cases were 2.6 times more likely than controls to consume food from a can (95% CI 1.0–6.3, p = 0.04); 3.6 times more likely to use Basudin, a specific brand of pesticide (95% CI 1.6–7.9, p = 0.002); 3.6 times more likely to use Rifit, a specific brand of herbicide (95% CI 1.7–7.9, p = 0.001); 2.9 times more likely to report using any herbicides (95% CI 1.2–7.3, p = 0.02); and 3.3 times more likely to grind rice (95% CI 1.3–8.4, p = 0.01). Five out of 28 food storage cans were lead-soldered. However, there was minimal physical evidence of lead contamination from 382 agrochemical samples and 129 ground and unground rice samples. Among 17 turmeric samples, one contained excessive lead (265 μg/g) and chromium (49 μg/g). Overall, we found evidence of elevated BLLs and multiple possible sources of lead exposure in rural Bangladesh. Further research should explicate and develop interventions to interrupt these pathways. Elsevier 2018-10 /pmc/articles/PMC6143383/ /pubmed/29804028 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.04.019 Text en © 2018 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Forsyth, Jenna E.
Saiful Islam, M.
Parvez, Sarker Masud
Raqib, Rubhana
Sajjadur Rahman, M.
Marie Muehe, E.
Fendorf, Scott
Luby, Stephen P.
Prevalence of elevated blood lead levels among pregnant women and sources of lead exposure in rural Bangladesh: A case control study
title Prevalence of elevated blood lead levels among pregnant women and sources of lead exposure in rural Bangladesh: A case control study
title_full Prevalence of elevated blood lead levels among pregnant women and sources of lead exposure in rural Bangladesh: A case control study
title_fullStr Prevalence of elevated blood lead levels among pregnant women and sources of lead exposure in rural Bangladesh: A case control study
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence of elevated blood lead levels among pregnant women and sources of lead exposure in rural Bangladesh: A case control study
title_short Prevalence of elevated blood lead levels among pregnant women and sources of lead exposure in rural Bangladesh: A case control study
title_sort prevalence of elevated blood lead levels among pregnant women and sources of lead exposure in rural bangladesh: a case control study
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6143383/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29804028
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.04.019
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