Cargando…

History of ZIKV Infections in India and Management of Disease Outbreaks

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging arbovirus infection endemic in multiple countries spread from Asia, Africa to the Americas and Europe. Previously known to cause rare and fairly benign human infections, ZIKV has become a major international public health emergency after being linked to unexpected ne...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Khaiboullina, Svetalana, Uppal, Timsy, Martynova, Ekaterina, Rizvanov, Albert, Baranwal, Manoj, Verma, Subhash C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6145147/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30258421
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02126
_version_ 1783356208327950336
author Khaiboullina, Svetalana
Uppal, Timsy
Martynova, Ekaterina
Rizvanov, Albert
Baranwal, Manoj
Verma, Subhash C.
author_facet Khaiboullina, Svetalana
Uppal, Timsy
Martynova, Ekaterina
Rizvanov, Albert
Baranwal, Manoj
Verma, Subhash C.
author_sort Khaiboullina, Svetalana
collection PubMed
description Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging arbovirus infection endemic in multiple countries spread from Asia, Africa to the Americas and Europe. Previously known to cause rare and fairly benign human infections, ZIKV has become a major international public health emergency after being linked to unexpected neurological complications, that includes fetal brain damage/death and microcephaly in babies born to infected mothers and Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) in adults. It appears that a single genetic mutation in the ZIKV genome, likely acquired during explosive ZIKV outbreak in French Polynesia (2013), made virus causing mild disease to target fetus brain. The Aedes mosquitoes are found to be the main carrier of ZIKV, passing the virus to humans. Originally isolated from patients in Africa in 1954 (African lineage), virus disseminated to Southeast Asia (Asian lineage), establishing new endemic foci, including one in India. Numerous cases of ZIKV infection have been reported in several locations in India and neighboring countries like Pakistan and Bangladesh since mid of the last century, suggesting that the virus reached this part of Asia soon after it was first discovered in Uganda in 1947. Although, the exact means by which ZIKV was introduced to India remains unknown, it appears that the ZIKV strain circulating in India possibly belongs to the “Asian lineage,” which has not yet been associated with microcephaly and other neurological disorders. However, there still exists a threat that the contemporary ZIKV virulent strain from South America, carrying a mutation can return to Asia, posing a potential crisis to newborns and adult patients. Currently there is no specific vaccine or antiviral medication to combat ZIKV infection, thus, vector control and continuous monitoring of potential ZIKV exposure is essential to prevent the devastating consequences similar to the ones experienced in Brazil. However, the major obstacle faced by Indian healthcare agencies is that most cases of ZIKV infection have been reported in rural areas that lack access to rapid diagnosis of infection. In this review, we attempt to present a comprehensive analysis of what is currently known about the ZIKV infection in India and the neighboring countries.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6145147
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2018
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-61451472018-09-26 History of ZIKV Infections in India and Management of Disease Outbreaks Khaiboullina, Svetalana Uppal, Timsy Martynova, Ekaterina Rizvanov, Albert Baranwal, Manoj Verma, Subhash C. Front Microbiol Microbiology Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging arbovirus infection endemic in multiple countries spread from Asia, Africa to the Americas and Europe. Previously known to cause rare and fairly benign human infections, ZIKV has become a major international public health emergency after being linked to unexpected neurological complications, that includes fetal brain damage/death and microcephaly in babies born to infected mothers and Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) in adults. It appears that a single genetic mutation in the ZIKV genome, likely acquired during explosive ZIKV outbreak in French Polynesia (2013), made virus causing mild disease to target fetus brain. The Aedes mosquitoes are found to be the main carrier of ZIKV, passing the virus to humans. Originally isolated from patients in Africa in 1954 (African lineage), virus disseminated to Southeast Asia (Asian lineage), establishing new endemic foci, including one in India. Numerous cases of ZIKV infection have been reported in several locations in India and neighboring countries like Pakistan and Bangladesh since mid of the last century, suggesting that the virus reached this part of Asia soon after it was first discovered in Uganda in 1947. Although, the exact means by which ZIKV was introduced to India remains unknown, it appears that the ZIKV strain circulating in India possibly belongs to the “Asian lineage,” which has not yet been associated with microcephaly and other neurological disorders. However, there still exists a threat that the contemporary ZIKV virulent strain from South America, carrying a mutation can return to Asia, posing a potential crisis to newborns and adult patients. Currently there is no specific vaccine or antiviral medication to combat ZIKV infection, thus, vector control and continuous monitoring of potential ZIKV exposure is essential to prevent the devastating consequences similar to the ones experienced in Brazil. However, the major obstacle faced by Indian healthcare agencies is that most cases of ZIKV infection have been reported in rural areas that lack access to rapid diagnosis of infection. In this review, we attempt to present a comprehensive analysis of what is currently known about the ZIKV infection in India and the neighboring countries. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-09-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6145147/ /pubmed/30258421 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02126 Text en Copyright © 2018 Khaiboullina, Uppal, Martynova, Rizvanov, Baranwal and Verma. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Khaiboullina, Svetalana
Uppal, Timsy
Martynova, Ekaterina
Rizvanov, Albert
Baranwal, Manoj
Verma, Subhash C.
History of ZIKV Infections in India and Management of Disease Outbreaks
title History of ZIKV Infections in India and Management of Disease Outbreaks
title_full History of ZIKV Infections in India and Management of Disease Outbreaks
title_fullStr History of ZIKV Infections in India and Management of Disease Outbreaks
title_full_unstemmed History of ZIKV Infections in India and Management of Disease Outbreaks
title_short History of ZIKV Infections in India and Management of Disease Outbreaks
title_sort history of zikv infections in india and management of disease outbreaks
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6145147/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30258421
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02126
work_keys_str_mv AT khaiboullinasvetalana historyofzikvinfectionsinindiaandmanagementofdiseaseoutbreaks
AT uppaltimsy historyofzikvinfectionsinindiaandmanagementofdiseaseoutbreaks
AT martynovaekaterina historyofzikvinfectionsinindiaandmanagementofdiseaseoutbreaks
AT rizvanovalbert historyofzikvinfectionsinindiaandmanagementofdiseaseoutbreaks
AT baranwalmanoj historyofzikvinfectionsinindiaandmanagementofdiseaseoutbreaks
AT vermasubhashc historyofzikvinfectionsinindiaandmanagementofdiseaseoutbreaks