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Modulation of the immune response by helminths: a role for serotonin?

The mammalian gut is a remarkable organ: with a nervous system that rivals the spinal cord, it is the body’s largest repository of immune and endocrine cells and houses an immense and complex microbiota. Infection with helminth parasites elicits a conserved program of effector and regulatory immune...

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Autores principales: Wang, Susan J., Sharkey, Keith A., McKay, Derek M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Portland Press Ltd. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6148219/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30177522
http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BSR20180027
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author Wang, Susan J.
Sharkey, Keith A.
McKay, Derek M.
author_facet Wang, Susan J.
Sharkey, Keith A.
McKay, Derek M.
author_sort Wang, Susan J.
collection PubMed
description The mammalian gut is a remarkable organ: with a nervous system that rivals the spinal cord, it is the body’s largest repository of immune and endocrine cells and houses an immense and complex microbiota. Infection with helminth parasites elicits a conserved program of effector and regulatory immune responses to eradicate the worm, limit tissue damage, and return the gut to homeostasis. Discrete changes in the nervous system, and to a lesser extent the enteroendocrine system, occur following helminth infection but the importance of these adaptations in expelling the worm is poorly understood. Approximately 90% of the body’s serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) is made in enterochromaffin (EC) cells in the gut, indicative of the importance of this amine in intestinal function. Signaling via a plethora of receptor subtypes, substantial evidence illustrates that 5-HT affects immunity. A small number of studies document changes in 5-HT levels following infection with helminth parasites, but these have not been complemented by an understanding of the role of 5-HT in the host–parasite interaction. In reviewing this area, the gap in knowledge of how changes in the enteric serotonergic system affects the outcome of infection with intestinal helminths is apparent. We present this as a call-to-action by investigators in the field. We contend that neuronal EC cell–immune interactions in the gut are essential in maintaining homeostasis and, when perturbed, contribute to pathophysiology. The full affect of infection with helminth parasites needs to define, and then mechanistically dissect the role of the enteric nervous and enteroendocrine systems of the gut.
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spelling pubmed-61482192018-09-25 Modulation of the immune response by helminths: a role for serotonin? Wang, Susan J. Sharkey, Keith A. McKay, Derek M. Biosci Rep Review Articles The mammalian gut is a remarkable organ: with a nervous system that rivals the spinal cord, it is the body’s largest repository of immune and endocrine cells and houses an immense and complex microbiota. Infection with helminth parasites elicits a conserved program of effector and regulatory immune responses to eradicate the worm, limit tissue damage, and return the gut to homeostasis. Discrete changes in the nervous system, and to a lesser extent the enteroendocrine system, occur following helminth infection but the importance of these adaptations in expelling the worm is poorly understood. Approximately 90% of the body’s serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) is made in enterochromaffin (EC) cells in the gut, indicative of the importance of this amine in intestinal function. Signaling via a plethora of receptor subtypes, substantial evidence illustrates that 5-HT affects immunity. A small number of studies document changes in 5-HT levels following infection with helminth parasites, but these have not been complemented by an understanding of the role of 5-HT in the host–parasite interaction. In reviewing this area, the gap in knowledge of how changes in the enteric serotonergic system affects the outcome of infection with intestinal helminths is apparent. We present this as a call-to-action by investigators in the field. We contend that neuronal EC cell–immune interactions in the gut are essential in maintaining homeostasis and, when perturbed, contribute to pathophysiology. The full affect of infection with helminth parasites needs to define, and then mechanistically dissect the role of the enteric nervous and enteroendocrine systems of the gut. Portland Press Ltd. 2018-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6148219/ /pubmed/30177522 http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BSR20180027 Text en © 2018 The Author(s). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Review Articles
Wang, Susan J.
Sharkey, Keith A.
McKay, Derek M.
Modulation of the immune response by helminths: a role for serotonin?
title Modulation of the immune response by helminths: a role for serotonin?
title_full Modulation of the immune response by helminths: a role for serotonin?
title_fullStr Modulation of the immune response by helminths: a role for serotonin?
title_full_unstemmed Modulation of the immune response by helminths: a role for serotonin?
title_short Modulation of the immune response by helminths: a role for serotonin?
title_sort modulation of the immune response by helminths: a role for serotonin?
topic Review Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6148219/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30177522
http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BSR20180027
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