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Changes in the immune system in experimental acanthamoebiasis in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed hosts

BACKGROUND: Acanthamoebiasis is most often found in patients with immune deficiency, with infections facilitated by the intake of immunosuppressive drugs. The host immune response to Acanthamoeba spp. infection is poorly understood. Thus, in this study, we aimed to examine the course of Acanthamoeba...

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Autores principales: Łanocha-Arendarczyk, Natalia, Kolasa-Wołosiuk, Agnieszka, Wojciechowska-Koszko, Iwona, Kot, Karolina, Roszkowska, Paulina, Krasnodębska-Szponder, Barbara, Paczkowska, Edyta, Machaliński, Bogusław, Łuczkowska, Karolina, Wiszniewska, Barbara, Kosik-Bogacka, Danuta
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6149055/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30236160
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3108-x
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author Łanocha-Arendarczyk, Natalia
Kolasa-Wołosiuk, Agnieszka
Wojciechowska-Koszko, Iwona
Kot, Karolina
Roszkowska, Paulina
Krasnodębska-Szponder, Barbara
Paczkowska, Edyta
Machaliński, Bogusław
Łuczkowska, Karolina
Wiszniewska, Barbara
Kosik-Bogacka, Danuta
author_facet Łanocha-Arendarczyk, Natalia
Kolasa-Wołosiuk, Agnieszka
Wojciechowska-Koszko, Iwona
Kot, Karolina
Roszkowska, Paulina
Krasnodębska-Szponder, Barbara
Paczkowska, Edyta
Machaliński, Bogusław
Łuczkowska, Karolina
Wiszniewska, Barbara
Kosik-Bogacka, Danuta
author_sort Łanocha-Arendarczyk, Natalia
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Acanthamoebiasis is most often found in patients with immune deficiency, with infections facilitated by the intake of immunosuppressive drugs. The host immune response to Acanthamoeba spp. infection is poorly understood. Thus, in this study, we aimed to examine the course of Acanthamoeba spp. infection taking into account the host’s immunological status, including assessment of the hematological parameters, cytokine analysis, immunophenotypic changes in spleen populations, and histological spleen changes, which could help clarify some aspects of the immune response to acanthamoebiasis. In our experimental study, we used Acanthamoeba strain AM 22 isolated from the bronchoaspirate of a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and atypical pneumonia symptoms. RESULTS: Acanthamoeba spp. affected the hematological parameters in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice and induced a change in spleen weight during infection. Moreover, analysis of anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10) and pro-inflammatory (IL-17A and IFN-γ) cytokines produced by splenocytes stimulated with concanavalin A demonstrated that Acanthamoeba spp. induced a selective Th1, Th2 and Th17 response at later stages of the infection in immunocompetent hosts. In the case of hosts with low immunity, Acanthamoeba elicited robust Th1 cell-mediated immunity without the participation of Th17. We observed suppression of CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD3+CD4-CD8- double-negative (DN) T lymphocyte populations in the beginning, and in the case of CD3+/CD4+/CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells in the final phase of Acanthamoeba spp. infection in hosts with low immunity. Also, CD4+T lymphocytes and CD3+/CD4+ and CD3+/CD8+ lymphocyte counts during each stage of acanthamoebiasis were shown to be upregulated. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that analysis of the immune response and pathogenesis mechanisms of clinical isolates of Acanthamoeba spp. in an animal model not only has purely cognitive significance but above all, may help in the development of effective methods of pharmacological therapy especially in patients with low immunity.
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spelling pubmed-61490552018-09-26 Changes in the immune system in experimental acanthamoebiasis in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed hosts Łanocha-Arendarczyk, Natalia Kolasa-Wołosiuk, Agnieszka Wojciechowska-Koszko, Iwona Kot, Karolina Roszkowska, Paulina Krasnodębska-Szponder, Barbara Paczkowska, Edyta Machaliński, Bogusław Łuczkowska, Karolina Wiszniewska, Barbara Kosik-Bogacka, Danuta Parasit Vectors Research BACKGROUND: Acanthamoebiasis is most often found in patients with immune deficiency, with infections facilitated by the intake of immunosuppressive drugs. The host immune response to Acanthamoeba spp. infection is poorly understood. Thus, in this study, we aimed to examine the course of Acanthamoeba spp. infection taking into account the host’s immunological status, including assessment of the hematological parameters, cytokine analysis, immunophenotypic changes in spleen populations, and histological spleen changes, which could help clarify some aspects of the immune response to acanthamoebiasis. In our experimental study, we used Acanthamoeba strain AM 22 isolated from the bronchoaspirate of a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and atypical pneumonia symptoms. RESULTS: Acanthamoeba spp. affected the hematological parameters in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice and induced a change in spleen weight during infection. Moreover, analysis of anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10) and pro-inflammatory (IL-17A and IFN-γ) cytokines produced by splenocytes stimulated with concanavalin A demonstrated that Acanthamoeba spp. induced a selective Th1, Th2 and Th17 response at later stages of the infection in immunocompetent hosts. In the case of hosts with low immunity, Acanthamoeba elicited robust Th1 cell-mediated immunity without the participation of Th17. We observed suppression of CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD3+CD4-CD8- double-negative (DN) T lymphocyte populations in the beginning, and in the case of CD3+/CD4+/CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells in the final phase of Acanthamoeba spp. infection in hosts with low immunity. Also, CD4+T lymphocytes and CD3+/CD4+ and CD3+/CD8+ lymphocyte counts during each stage of acanthamoebiasis were shown to be upregulated. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that analysis of the immune response and pathogenesis mechanisms of clinical isolates of Acanthamoeba spp. in an animal model not only has purely cognitive significance but above all, may help in the development of effective methods of pharmacological therapy especially in patients with low immunity. BioMed Central 2018-09-20 /pmc/articles/PMC6149055/ /pubmed/30236160 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3108-x Text en © The Author(s). 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Łanocha-Arendarczyk, Natalia
Kolasa-Wołosiuk, Agnieszka
Wojciechowska-Koszko, Iwona
Kot, Karolina
Roszkowska, Paulina
Krasnodębska-Szponder, Barbara
Paczkowska, Edyta
Machaliński, Bogusław
Łuczkowska, Karolina
Wiszniewska, Barbara
Kosik-Bogacka, Danuta
Changes in the immune system in experimental acanthamoebiasis in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed hosts
title Changes in the immune system in experimental acanthamoebiasis in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed hosts
title_full Changes in the immune system in experimental acanthamoebiasis in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed hosts
title_fullStr Changes in the immune system in experimental acanthamoebiasis in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed hosts
title_full_unstemmed Changes in the immune system in experimental acanthamoebiasis in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed hosts
title_short Changes in the immune system in experimental acanthamoebiasis in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed hosts
title_sort changes in the immune system in experimental acanthamoebiasis in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed hosts
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6149055/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30236160
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3108-x
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