Effects of Polysaccharides from Platycodon grandiflorum on Immunity-Enhancing Activity In Vitro

The study is aimed at investigating the immunoenhancement activity of polysaccharides from Platycodon grandiflorum polysaccharides (PGPSs) in vitro. In this study, some research on lymphocyte proliferation, cell cycle, and the levels of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were performed. Four different concentrations of PGPSs (PGPS(tc), PGPS(60c), PGPS(80c), and PGPS(tp)) were harvested and added to peripheral blood T lymphocytes. We observed significant increases in T lymphocyte proliferation at PGPS(tc) groups individually or synergistically with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) at most concentrations, and their lymphocyte proliferation rates were the highest. The active sites of PGPS(tc) and PGPS(60c) were subsequently chosen. Then, we utilized flow cytometry to determine lymphocyte cell cycle distribution and levels of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. At most time points, PGPS(tc) could facilitate lymphocyte cell cycle progression from the G0/G1 phase to the S and G2/M phases and, simultaneously, increase the levels of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. These results indicate that PGPS(tc) enhances the immune functions, suggesting that PGPS(tc) could be a potential immunopotentiator for further in vivo and clinical trial experiments.