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Asymmetrical hybridization and gene flow between Eisenia andrei and E. fetida lumbricid earthworms

Uniformly pigmented Eisenia andrei (Ea) and striped E. fetida (Ef) lumbricid earthworms are hermaphrodites capable of self-fertilization, cross-fertilization, and asymmetrical hybridization. The latter was detected by genotyping of F1 and F2 progeny of the controlled Ea+Ef pairs by species-specific...

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Autores principales: Plytycz, Barbara, Bigaj, Janusz, Panz, Tomasz, Grzmil, Paweł
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6150523/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30240427
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204469
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author Plytycz, Barbara
Bigaj, Janusz
Panz, Tomasz
Grzmil, Paweł
author_facet Plytycz, Barbara
Bigaj, Janusz
Panz, Tomasz
Grzmil, Paweł
author_sort Plytycz, Barbara
collection PubMed
description Uniformly pigmented Eisenia andrei (Ea) and striped E. fetida (Ef) lumbricid earthworms are hermaphrodites capable of self-fertilization, cross-fertilization, and asymmetrical hybridization. The latter was detected by genotyping of F1 and F2 progeny of the controlled Ea+Ef pairs by species-specific sequences of maternal mitochondrial COI genes and maternal/paternal nuclear S28 rRNA genes. Among F1offspring there were self-fertilized Ea (aAA), Ef (fFF), and cross-fertilized fertile Ea-derived hybrids (aAF); the latter mated with Ea and gave new generation of Ea and hybrids, while mated with Ef gave Ea, Ef, Ea-derived hybrids and sterile Ef-derived hybrids (fFA). Coelomic fluid of Ea exhibits unique fluorescence spectra called here the M-fluorescence considered as a molecular biomarker of this species. Since similar fluorescence was detected also in some Ef (hypothetical hybrids?), the aim of present investigations was to identify the M-positive earthworms among families genotyped previously. It was assumed that factor/s responsible for metabolic pathways leading to production of undefined yet M-fluorophore might be encoded/controlled by alleles of hypothetical nuclear gene of Eisenia sp. segregating independently from species-specific S28 rRNA nuclear genes, where ‘MM’ or ‘Mm’ alleles determine M-positivity while ‘mm’ alleles determine M-negative phenotypes. Spectra of M-fluorescence were detected in all 10 Ea (aAAMM) and 19 Ea-derived hybrids (aAFMm), three of four Ef-derived hybrids (fFAMm) and one ‘atypical’ Ef (fFFMm) among 13 Ef earthworms. Among progeny of ‘atypical’ M-positive Ef (fFFMm) reappeared ‘typical’ M-negative Ef (fFFmm), confirming such hypothesis. Alternatively, the M-fluorescence might be dependent on unknown gene products of vertically-transmitted Ea-specific symbiotic bacteria sexually transferred to the Ef partner. Hypotheses of intrinsic and external origin of M-fluorescence might complement each other. The presence/absence of M-fluorophore does not correspond with body pigmentation patterns; Ef-characteristic banding appeared in posterior parts of hybrids body. In conclusion, Ea/Ef hybridization may serve for further studies on bi-directional gene flow.
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spelling pubmed-61505232018-10-08 Asymmetrical hybridization and gene flow between Eisenia andrei and E. fetida lumbricid earthworms Plytycz, Barbara Bigaj, Janusz Panz, Tomasz Grzmil, Paweł PLoS One Research Article Uniformly pigmented Eisenia andrei (Ea) and striped E. fetida (Ef) lumbricid earthworms are hermaphrodites capable of self-fertilization, cross-fertilization, and asymmetrical hybridization. The latter was detected by genotyping of F1 and F2 progeny of the controlled Ea+Ef pairs by species-specific sequences of maternal mitochondrial COI genes and maternal/paternal nuclear S28 rRNA genes. Among F1offspring there were self-fertilized Ea (aAA), Ef (fFF), and cross-fertilized fertile Ea-derived hybrids (aAF); the latter mated with Ea and gave new generation of Ea and hybrids, while mated with Ef gave Ea, Ef, Ea-derived hybrids and sterile Ef-derived hybrids (fFA). Coelomic fluid of Ea exhibits unique fluorescence spectra called here the M-fluorescence considered as a molecular biomarker of this species. Since similar fluorescence was detected also in some Ef (hypothetical hybrids?), the aim of present investigations was to identify the M-positive earthworms among families genotyped previously. It was assumed that factor/s responsible for metabolic pathways leading to production of undefined yet M-fluorophore might be encoded/controlled by alleles of hypothetical nuclear gene of Eisenia sp. segregating independently from species-specific S28 rRNA nuclear genes, where ‘MM’ or ‘Mm’ alleles determine M-positivity while ‘mm’ alleles determine M-negative phenotypes. Spectra of M-fluorescence were detected in all 10 Ea (aAAMM) and 19 Ea-derived hybrids (aAFMm), three of four Ef-derived hybrids (fFAMm) and one ‘atypical’ Ef (fFFMm) among 13 Ef earthworms. Among progeny of ‘atypical’ M-positive Ef (fFFMm) reappeared ‘typical’ M-negative Ef (fFFmm), confirming such hypothesis. Alternatively, the M-fluorescence might be dependent on unknown gene products of vertically-transmitted Ea-specific symbiotic bacteria sexually transferred to the Ef partner. Hypotheses of intrinsic and external origin of M-fluorescence might complement each other. The presence/absence of M-fluorophore does not correspond with body pigmentation patterns; Ef-characteristic banding appeared in posterior parts of hybrids body. In conclusion, Ea/Ef hybridization may serve for further studies on bi-directional gene flow. Public Library of Science 2018-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6150523/ /pubmed/30240427 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204469 Text en © 2018 Plytycz et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Plytycz, Barbara
Bigaj, Janusz
Panz, Tomasz
Grzmil, Paweł
Asymmetrical hybridization and gene flow between Eisenia andrei and E. fetida lumbricid earthworms
title Asymmetrical hybridization and gene flow between Eisenia andrei and E. fetida lumbricid earthworms
title_full Asymmetrical hybridization and gene flow between Eisenia andrei and E. fetida lumbricid earthworms
title_fullStr Asymmetrical hybridization and gene flow between Eisenia andrei and E. fetida lumbricid earthworms
title_full_unstemmed Asymmetrical hybridization and gene flow between Eisenia andrei and E. fetida lumbricid earthworms
title_short Asymmetrical hybridization and gene flow between Eisenia andrei and E. fetida lumbricid earthworms
title_sort asymmetrical hybridization and gene flow between eisenia andrei and e. fetida lumbricid earthworms
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6150523/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30240427
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204469
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