Synthesis, Characterization and Protonation Behavior of Quinoxaline-Fused Porphycenes

9,10-Quinoxaline-fused porphycenes 1a-H(2) and 1b-H(2) were synthesized by intramolecular McMurry coupling. As a result of the annulation of the quinoxaline moiety on the porphycene skeleton, 1a-H(2) and 1b-H(2) display absorption and fluorescence in the near infra-red (NIR) region. Additionally, the quinoxaline moieties of 1a-H(2) and 1b-H(2) act as electron-withdrawing groups, introducing lower reduction potentials than for pristine porphycene. The protonation occurred at the nitrogen atoms in the cavity of freebase porphycenes and at the quinoxaline moieties for their nickel complexes to give diprotonic species.